Systematic literature review on early detection of postoperative delirium in adult patients after cardiac surgery.

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a cognitive decline and attention deficit that can occur in patients after cardiac surgery. Despite extensive research identifying the risk factors, POD often remains undiagnosed and untreated in medical settings. Therefore, this systematic literature review (SLR) aimed to summarize the available studies on early POD identification in patients following cardiovascular surgery.

Sarcoidosis and COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.

COVID-19 vaccines play a crucial role in preventing complications and alleviating the impact of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, these vaccines have been associated with side effects like pain, fatigue, fever, and, in rare instances, the development of sarcoidosis. This review seeks to provide an overview of research on sarcoidosis occurring after COVID-19 vaccination and attempt to identify potential factors that may contribute to this uncommon yet concerning complication.

The safety and efficacy of Baricitinib for systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Objective: Baricitinib is a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor approved for treating active rheumatoid arthritis and atopic dermatitis. Therefore, the authors aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of once-daily oral Baricitinib 2 mg or 4 mg versus placebo in active SLE patients receiving standard care.

Methods: The authors synthesized randomized controlled studies (RCTs) from MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library until 20 March 2023.

Association of postoperative delirium with hypotension in critically ill patients after cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study.

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD), an acute and variable disturbance in cognitive function, is an intricate and elusive phenomenon that occurs after cardiac surgery. Despite progress in surgical techniques and perioperative management, POD remains a formidable challenge, imposing a significant burden on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems.

Methods: This prospective observational study involved 307 patients who underwent cardiac surgery.

The Effect of Intratumor Heterogeneity in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Treatment.

Background And Objectives: Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies. Even though many substantial improvements in the survival rates for other major cancer forms were made, pancreatic cancer survival rates have remained relatively unchanged since the 1960s. Even more, no standard classification system for pancreatic cancer is based on cellular biomarkers.

Formation Mechanisms, Interrelationships, and Effects of Cognitive Factors on Diet and Physical Activity During the Post-Bariatric Surgery Period: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Compensatory Carry-Over Action Model.

Background: Diet and physical activity (PA) are pivotal behaviors for managing energy balance post-bariatric surgery. Given the need for dual behavioral management, understanding the interplay of cognitive factors influencing these behaviors is crucial. This study applied the compensatory carry-over action model (CCAM) to explore the impact of cognitive factors on behaviors and their subsequent effects on subjective health outcomes.

Knowledge of cancer symptoms and risk factors: A cross-sectional study from a developing country.

The delayed presentation of cancer patients to healthcare facilities for diagnosis is a pressing issue, as late-stage cancer cases are often more challenging to treat effectively. In low-resource settings, such as those with limited access to healthcare facilities, the impact of inadequate awareness of cancer signs and symptoms can be particularly severe. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate public knowledge of cancer signs and symptoms and risk factors in the context of Jordan.

Etrolizumab as an induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aim: Etrolizumab is a gut-targeted anti-β7 integrin monoclonal antibody. However, the evidence of etrolizumab efficacy and safety in ulcerative colitis remains inconclusive. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of etrolizumab as an induction and maintenance therapy for active moderate to severe ulcerative colitis.

Identification of early delirium and its outcomes after cardiopulmonary bypass among adult patients with cardiovascular disease: a prospective observational study.

Purpose: To identify the incidence and outcomes of postoperative delirium after cardiopulmonary bypass machine in adult cardiac surgery patients.

Method: A prospective observational study was conducted in a single-center institution in the Republic of China. This study included 273 patients who underwent cardiac surgical procedures requiring cardiopulmonary bypass machine utilization.

The efficacy and safety of pre-hospital plasma in patients at risk for hemorrhagic shock: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Objective: Plasma is a critical element in hemostatic resuscitation post-injury, and its prompt administration within the prehospital setting may reduce the complications resulting from hemorrhage and shock. Our objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of prehospital plasma infusion in patients susceptible to hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: We conducted our study by aggregating randomized controlled trials (RCTs) sourced from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL up to January 29, 2023.

The efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin epicardial fat injection to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is prevalent in about 30% to 60% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, leading to worse outcomes. Botulinum toxin type A (BTX) epicardial injection has been proposed to prevent POAF by impairing cholinergic signaling.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized randomized controlled trials, which were retrieved by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through November 23, 2022.

A case report of lung metastasis in a cervical cancer presenting as a consolidation.

Cervical cancer is a preventable cancer in the United States. We discuss a case of a 43-year-old woman who presented with signs and symptoms of Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) as well as shortness of breath and chest tightness. Upon investigation, it was concluded that she had developed multiple brain infarcts, pulmonary embolism, and deep venous thrombosis in both lower extremities.

The Safety and Efficacy of Quadruple Ultra-Low-Dose Combination (Quadpill) for Hypertension Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background And Objective: Quadpill, a single pill containing a quadruple combination of quarter doses of four antihypertensive agents, has been investigated for hypertension treatment. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of quadpill for hypertension management.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials evaluating quadpill versus monotherapy or placebo in patients with hypertension, which were retrieved by systematically searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane through 17 February, 2023.

The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function for mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) emerged as a potential modality for enhancing cognitive functions in patients with cognitive decline, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Our systematic review and meta-analysis aim to synthesize the available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of tDCS on cognitive functions in patients with MCI.

Methods: Our review protocol was registered on PROSPERO with ID: CRD42022360587.

The effect of bedtime versus morning dosing of antihypertensive drugs on the cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Objective: Antihypertensive drugs are one of the most effective strategies to prevent disability and mortality; however, there have been contradictory findings about the best dosing time for antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the effect of bedtime versus morning dosing of antihypertensive drugs on cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: We synthesized randomized controlled studies (RCTs) from the Web of Science, SCOPUS, EMBASE, PubMed, and CENTRAL until 13 October 2022.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors in the treatment landscape of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Objective: Chemotherapy is the mainstay for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Over the years, the use of chemotherapy for these patients has demonstrated many adversities, including toxicity and resistance, which suggested the need to develop novel alternative therapeutic options, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Herein, we provide an overview on PARPi, mechanisms of action and the role of biomarkers in PARPi sensitivity trials, clinical advances in PARPi therapy for TNBC patients based on the most recent studies and findings of clinical trials, and challenges that prevent PARP inhibitors from achieving high efficacy such as resistance and overlapping toxicities with other chemotherapies.

The Efficacy and Safety of Etripamil Nasal Spray for Acute Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) treatment requires medically supervised intervention. Etripamil is a novel short-acting calcium channel blocker. Its intranasal spray formulation has a rapid onset of action and shows promise for the unsupervised treatment of PSVT.

The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis, Novel Biomarkers, and Potential Therapeutic Targets.

Long non-coding RNAs (IncRNAs) are regulatory RNA transcripts that have recently been associated with the onset of many neurodegenerative illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several IncRNAs have been found to be associated with AD pathophysiology, each with a distinct mechanism. In this review, we focused on the role of IncRNAs in the pathogenesis of AD and their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Bell's Palsy and COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Once the COVID-19 pandemic was declared, the world was waiting for the clue that would be able to cut down the progression of the disease. Vaccines play a crucial role in reducing the disease and saving many people worldwide. However, there are several side effects of these vaccines, like pain, fatigue, fever, and neurological defects like Bell's palsy.

Sex Difference in Clinical and Management Outcomes in Patients With Takotsubo Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is being increasingly recognized globally with a female sex predilection. However, sex-related differences in clinical outcomes are yet to be identified. Therefore, we aim to investigate the sex differences in clinical outcomes in patients with TTS.

Incidence and Trends of Liver Cancer in the Gulf Cooperation Council States, 1998-2012.

Background: Liver cancer has been identified as the fifth most common cancer in males and ninth in females in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States. Taking into consideration that GCC states have comparable cultural and demographic backgrounds, this study aimed to examine the trends and patterns of liver cancer cases in the GCC states and to compare these with other regions.

Materials And Methods: The data were obtained from the Gulf Centre for Cancer Control and Prevention, which has maintained its database for GCC states since 1998.

The safety and efficacy of CAR-T cells in the treatment of prostate cancer: review.

Objective: A new breakthrough development in cancer treatment is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. In this review, we focussed on its efficacy & safety in prostate cancer, obstacles impeding its clinical use, and some strategies trying to overcome them.

Methods: Searching for relevant articles was done using the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases.