Discriminating hepatocellular carcinoma from metastatic carcinoma on fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the liver: the utility of immunocytochemical panel.

The cytomorphologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy are well described. However, correctly diagnosing HCC on cytologic features alone and differentiating it from metastatic adenocarcinoma (MAC) remains a challenge. Studies have recommended the use of various immunocytochemical (ICC) stains to aid in the diagnosis and distinction of these tumors with variable success rates.

Endoscopic management of inverted papilloma of the sphenoid sinus.

We present the case of a rare sinonasal tumour originating in a rare location in close proximity to vital structures. We describe how the patient was managed, including detailed description of how the mass was removed.A 54-year-old man presented with a long history of nasal blockage, recently complicated by severe headaches and a left VIth nerve palsy.

Properties of an ezrin mutant defective in F-actin binding.

Ezrin, radixin and moesin are a family of proteins that provide a link between the plasma membrane and the cortical actin cytoskeleton. The regulated targeting of ezrin to the plasma membrane and its association with cortical F-actin are more than likely functions necessary for a number of cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, motility, morphogenesis and cell signalling. The interaction with F-actin was originally mapped to the last 34 residues of ezrin, which correspond to the last three helices (alphaB, alphaC and alphaD) of the C-terminal tail.

Duodenal MALT lymphoma presenting with obstructive jaundice: report of a case and review of the literature.

Background: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The most common site for MALT lymphoma is the stomach.

Case Report: We are reporting a case of a 57-year-old man who presented with obstructive jaundice and was found to have duodenal MALT lymphoma.

Modulation of osteoclast function in bone by the immune system.

Osteoclast differentiation and function is regulated by cellular signals and cytokines that also play significant roles in the immune system. There is much scope, therefore, for immune cell influence on osteoclasts and bone metabolism. Many examples of this have been identified and T cells in particular are a source of factors affecting osteoclast formation and activity, a number which have either pro-osteolytic or anti-osteolytic actions depending on the cellular and microenvironmental context.

Alternate routes for children with difficult central venous access.

Background: Some children requiring chemotherapy, total parenteral nutrition, or repeated blood sampling for long periods have no more axillary, internal jugular, external jugular, saphenous, or femoral veins available for cannulation. In such patients, the central venous system can still be accessed via alternate routes e.g.

IL-23 inhibits osteoclastogenesis indirectly through lymphocytes and is required for the maintenance of bone mass in mice.

IL-23 stimulates the differentiation and function of the Th17 subset of CD4(+) T cells and plays a critical role in chronic inflammation. The IL-23 receptor-encoding gene is also an inflammatory disease susceptibility gene. IL-23 shares a common subunit with IL-12, a T cell-dependent osteoclast formation inhibitor, and we found that IL-23 also dose-dependently inhibited osteoclastogenesis in a CD4(+) T lymphocyte-dependent manner.

Osteoclast inhibitory lectin, an immune cell product that is required for normal bone physiology in vivo.

Osteoclast inhibitory lectin (OCIL or clrb) is a member of the natural killer cell C-type lectins that have a described role mostly in autoimmune cell function. OCIL was originally identified as an osteoblast-derived inhibitor of osteoclast formation in vitro. To determine the physiological function(s) of OCIL, we generated ocil(-/-) mice.

The CTLA4 -819 C/T and +49 A/G dimorphisms are associated with Type 1 diabetes in Egyptian children.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic islets. T cell proliferation is negatively regulated by cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4). CTLA-4 polymorphisms are associated with T1D in some but not all populations.

Aspiration biopsy cytology of extraabdominal desmoid tumor concurrently occurring in a patient with tumoral calcinosis.

Extraabdominal fibromatosis or desmoid tumor (DT) is a slow growing locally aggressive soft tissue tumor that can occur anywhere in the body. We report the aspiration biopsy cytology features of a case of DT of the right neck area in a 35-year-old man who had a long standing history of tumoral calcinosis. The aspirate was interpreted as "benign spindle cell lesion" and confirmed as DT on histologic examination of the resected mass.

Comparison of daily couch shifts using MVCT (TomoTherapy) and B-mode ultrasound (BAT System) during prostate radiotherapy.

The purpose of this study was to compare daily couch shifts after prostate localization between megavoltage CT (MVCT, Hi-ART TomoTherapy) and b-mode ultrasound (BAT system). Nine hundred and thirteen couch shifts from 22 consecutive patients treated using MVCT localization were compared to 853 shifts from 23 randomly selected patients treated using b-mode ultrasound prostate localization. Shifts were made in three principal axes based on prostate position after comparing daily images to the initial planning CT.

Endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure for repair of lateral frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak.

Objective: To describe a previously unreported case of repair of a lateral frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak, using the endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure.

Method: Case report of new technique, with reference to the world literature.

Results: An effective endoscopic, transnasal repair of a lateral frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid leak was achieved in a 60-year-old man.

Mitochondrial disorders with significant ophthalmic manifestations.

Mitochondrial diseases are a clinically hetyerogenous group of disorders. They can be caused by mutations of nuclear or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Some affect a single organ, but many involve multiple organ systems and often present with prominent neurologic and myopathic features.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of intraoral and oropharyngeal mass lesions.

Background: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy has been rarely used in oral and oropharyngeal lesions. The goal of this study was to assess the value and accuracy of FNA biopsy in the diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal lesions particularly in regards to discriminating benign from malignant tumors.

Methods: Sixteen cases of FNA biopsies obtained of various intraoral and oropharyngeal masses or lesions performed at our institution during the eight-year period from 1998 to 2006 were retrospectively reviewed.

Comparison of Thin-Prep and cell block preparation for the evaluation of Thyroid epithelial lesions on fine needle aspiration biopsy.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the utility of Thin-Prep (TP) cytologic preparation with that of Cell Block (CB) preparation in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions, mainly follicular epithelial lesions, by fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Feasibility of using the TP slides for immunocytochemical stains is also discussed.

Methods: A total of 126 consecutive cases of thyroid FNAB with TP slides and 128 consecutive cases of thyroid FNAB with CB slides were reviewed blindly by two cytopathologists.

Increased nerve fiber expression of sensory sodium channels Nav1.7, Nav1.8, And Nav1.9 in rhinitis.

Introduction: Voltage-gated sodium channels Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.

Spectral, thermal, electrochemical and analytical studies on Cd(II) and Hg(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes.

The coordination characteristic of the investigated thiosemicarbazones towards hazard pollutants, Cd(II) and Hg(II), becomes the first goal. Their complexes have been studied by microanalysis, thermal, electrochemical and spectral (electronic, IR and MS) studies. The substitutent (salicylaldehyde, acetophenone, benzophenone, o-hydroxy-p-methoxybenzophenone or diacetylmonoxime) plays an important role in the complex formation.

The role of nasal feminization rhinoplasty in male-to-female gender reassignment.

Objective: To objectively assess the results of rhinoplasty in feminizing the facial profiles of male-to-female transsexual patients undergoing gender reassignment.

Methods: Twelve patients underwent nasal feminization as part of male-to-female gender reassignment. Global assessments of facial profile were performed, and nasofrontal, nasolabial, and supratip angles and the Goode ratio were objectively measured.

Myeloid sarcoma presenting with acute renal failure and bilateral ureteral obstruction: a case report and review of the literature.

Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a very rare disease that either presents with acute myeloid leukemia or as relapse of acute myeloid leukemia. The common sites include the small intestine, skin, bone, and lymph nodes. We present an unusual case of MS presenting with acute renal failure (ARF) and bilateral ureteral obstruction.