In vitro activity of isepamicin (Sch 21420), a new aminoglycoside.

The narrow therapeutic/toxic ratio of existing aminoglycosides has led to a search for safer drugs of this class. Isepamicin is a semi-synthetic aminoglycoside with a significantly low nephro as well as ototoxicity in animals and which is expected to have a clinical efficacy comparable to that of amikacin. We therefore compared its antibacterial activity with amikacin against 817 recent clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

High level resistance to aminoglycosides in enterococci from Riyadh.

Enterococci with high level of aminoglycosides resistance are being reported from different parts of the world with increasing frequency. Treatment of infections caused by such isolates is associated with a high incidence of failure or relapse. This is attributed to the loss of the synergetic effect of aminoglycosides and cell wall active agents against isolates exhibiting this type of resistance.

Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to minocycline and other antimicrobials.

The incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is on the rise, especially in nosocomial and intravenous-drug-abuse-related infections, with a concomitant increase in morbidity, mortality and health care costs. At present the drug of choice, vancomycin, which must be administered intravenously, is expensive and can cause serious side effects in vancomycin-intolerant patients. Recently, minocycline has received much attention as an antibiotic to combat the increasing frequency of MRSA-related infections.

In vitro activity of Ro 23-9424, a dual-acting cephalosporin-quinolone antimicrobial agent.

In vitro activity of new dual-acting antibacterial Ro 23-9429 was tested against 1294 bacterial isolates from patients in a major tertiary care referral hospital in Saudi Arabia. Its activity was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, ampicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, amikacin, imipenem, and vancomycin. Of the 621 members of Enterobacteriaceae tested, every single isolate was inhibited by Ro 23-9429 at minimum inhibitory concentration ranging between < .

Susceptibility of Salmonella typhi and Brucella melitensis to the new fluoroquinolone rufloxacin (MF 934).

The antimicrobial activity of the new fluoroquinolone rufloxacin (MF 934) was evaluated by a standardized agar dilution method against recent clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi (67 strains) and Brucella melitensis (108 isolates). The results were compared with 5 other commercially available or investigational fluoroquinolones. All the isolates of S.

Comparative antibacterial activity of the aminothiazolyl cephalosporin RU 29,246.

A total of 1,007 clinical isolates from a tertiary care center were tested against RU 29,246, ampicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, Augmentin, oxacillin, piperacillin, gentamicin, amikacin and vancomycin. Bacteria tested consisted of 479 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, 64 pseudomonads, 18 Xanthomonas, 42 other gram-negative bacilli, 56 enterococci and 348 isolates of staphylococci. RU 29,246 showed excellent in vitro activity inhibiting > 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, K.

CI-990 (PD 131112): A new quinolone prodrug.

In vitro susceptibility of 1021 strains of recent clinical isolates was determined against the new fluoroquinolone CI-990 (PD 131112) and compared with CI-960, ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, perfloxacin, sparfloxacin, and temafloxacin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of CI-990 in mg/L required for >90% isolates were 0.03-0.

In vitro activity of cefdinir (FK 482, PD 134393, CI-983): a new orally active cephalosporin.

Cefdinir is a new orally active cephalosporin which is undergoing in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Using the standard agar dilution method we compared the in vitro activity of this drug with other beta-lactam antibiotics against clinical isolates or Enterobacteriaceae (625 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (68 strains), Xanthomonas maltophilia (36 strains), Acinetobacter (52 strains), Aeromonas hydrophilia (47 strains), staphylococci (364 strains) and enterococci (50 strains). Against most members of Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and A.

In vitro activity of eight fluoroquinolones against clinical isolates of Brucella melitensis.

Since fluoroquinolones have generated much interest because of their excellent in vitro and in vivo activity, their pharmacokinetic propertiesm oral dosing and intracellular penetration, we tested the susceptibility of 146 recent clinical isolated of Brucella melitensis agaist eight 4-quinolone drugs and five conventional drugs. The drugs tested included ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, temafloxacin, sparfloxacin, fleroxacin, pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, CI-960, tetracycline, gentamicin, streptomycin rifampicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All the isolates were susceptible to the eight quinolones tested, with an MIC-90 ranging between 0.

Antistaphylococcal and antienterococcal activity of the new teicoplanin amide derivative MDL 62873.

In vitro response of 469 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci was tested against MDL 62873 by the agar dilution method. The bacteria consisted of 407 isolates of staphylococci and 62 strains of enterococci. In vitro activity of MDL 62873 was compared with that of ampicillin, augmentin, erythromycin and vancomycin.

Comparative in vitro activity of Ro 09-1428, a novel cephalosporin with a catechol moiety.

The in vitro activity of Ro 09-1428, a new parenteral cephalosporin, was compared with that of other beta-lactams and aminoglycosides in 1230 clinical isolates from 1028 consecutive patients. Using an agar dilution method, the drugs were tested against 625 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 68 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 36 Xanthomonas maltophilia, 20 Aeromonas hydrophila, 54 Acinetobacter, 373 staphylococci, and 54 strains of enterococci. More than 98% of Enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to Ro 09-1428, with a minimal inhibitory concentration of less than 0.

Antibacterial activity of citreamicin-alpha (LL-E 19085 alpha) against gram-positive cocci.

In vitro antibacterial activity of 429 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci was tested against citreamicin-alpha (LL-E 19085-alpha) by the agar dilution method. The microorganisms consisted of 313 isolates of staphylococci and 116 strains of streptococci. In vitro activity of citreamicin-alpha was compared with ampicillin, augmentin, cephalothin, erythromycin and vancomycin.