Artificial Intelligence Advancements in Cardiomyopathies: Implications for Diagnosis and Management of Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to explore the emerging potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in refining risk prediction, clinical diagnosis, and treatment stratification for cardiomyopathies, with a specific emphasis on arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM).

Recent Findings: Recent developments highlight the capacity of AI to construct sophisticated models that accurately distinguish affected from non-affected cardiomyopathy patients. These AI-driven approaches not only offer precision in risk prediction and diagnostics but also enable early identification of individuals at high risk of developing cardiomyopathy, even before symptoms occur.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Application of Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitors in Oncologic and Nononcologic Diseases.

Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor positron emission tomography (PET) has gained interest for its ability to demonstrate uptake in a diverse range of tumors. Its molecular target, fibroblast activation protein, is expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts, a major cell type in tumor microenvironment that surrounds various types of cancers. Although existing literature on FAPI PET is largely from single-center studies and case reports, initial findings show promise for some cancer types demonstrating improved imaging when compared with the widely used 18F-fludeoxyglucose PET for oncologic imaging.

FAPI PET uptake patterns after invasive medical interventions: a single center retrospective analysis.

Purpose: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-inhibitor (FAPI)-PET tracers allow imaging of the FAP-expressing cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) and also the normal activated fibroblasts (NAF) involved in inflammation/fibrosis that may be present after invasive medical interventions. We evaluated [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 uptake patterns post-medical/invasive non-systemic interventions.

Methods: This single-center retrospective analysis was conducted in 79 consecutive patients who underwent [Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT.

Evaluation of the and efficiency of in-feed bacteriophage cocktail application to control Typhimurium and Enteritidis infection in broiler chicks.

Bacteriophage (BP) cocktail was partially resistant to different temperatures and pH values.The BP cocktail showed lytic effects on different isolates.The BP cocktail reduced colonization in the internal organs of broilers.

PSMA-Targeted PET Radiotracer [F]DCFPyL as an Imaging Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly and specifically upregulated in active-inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We hypothesized that this upregulation would be detectable using a PSMA-targeted positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging agent, [F]DCFPyL, enabling non-invasive visualization of inflammation. A noninvasive means of detecting active inflammation would have high clinical value in localization and management of IBD.

Electrochromic Sensor Augmented with Machine Learning for Enzyme-Free Analysis of Antioxidants.

Our study presents an electrochromic sensor that operates without the need for enzymes or multiple oxidant reagents. This sensor is augmented with machine learning algorithms, enabling the identification, classification, and prediction of six different antioxidants with high accuracy. We utilized polyaniline (PANI), Prussian blue (PB), and copper-Prussian blue analogues (Cu-PBA) at their respective oxidation states as electrochromic materials (ECMs).

A Cross-Sectional Survey of Gastrointestinal Parasites in an Ornithological Garden.

Captive birds in collections may be infested with a wide range of parasites. Globally, information on parasitic infections and their health implications in ornithological collections are scarce. In the present study, the prevalence of parasitic infections in an ornithological garden in Tehran was investigated.

F-Labeled Radiotracers for Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen: Historical Perspective and Future Directions.

Much of the modern growth in nuclear medicine has been driven by PET imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in men with prostate cancer. Fluorine-18 is the ideal PET radionuclide with a moderately long half-life, high positron yield, low positron energy, and cyclotron-based production. F-DCFPyL is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved compound in this class.

The Relationship Between Menstrual Patterns and Menstrual Attitude Dimensions among Women of Reproductive Age: Cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: Women's attitudes towards menstruation play a critical role in shaping their bodies and psychosocial integrity. Menstruation is affected by certain bio-psychosocial factors, necessitating an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon to cope better with the consequent difficulties. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between menstrual patterns and menstrual attitude dimensions in women of reproductive-age.

High SUVs Have More Robust Repeatability in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Results from a Prospective Test-Retest Cohort Imaged with F-DCFPyL.

Objectives: In patients with prostate cancer (PC) receiving prostate-specific membrane antigen- (PSMA-) targeted radioligand therapy (RLT), higher baseline standardized uptake values (SUVs) are linked to improved outcome. Thus, readers deciding on RLT must have certainty on the repeatability of PSMA uptake metrics. As such, we aimed to evaluate the test-retest repeatability of lesion uptake in a large cohort of patients imaged with F-DCFPyL.

Experience with malfunctioning leadless pacemakers: Troubleshooting and management during medium-term follow-up.

Background: The Nanostim leadless pacemaker (LP) was launched in 2012. However, the use of Nanostim LP was suspended because of safety concerns.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report our experience with the management of malfunctioning Nanostim LPs, including premature battery depletion.

A bicentric retrospective analysis of clinical utility of F-fluciclovine PET in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer following primary radiation therapy: is it helpful in patients with a PSA rise less than the Phoenix criteria?

Purpose: F-Fluciclovine PET imaging has been increasingly used in the restaging of prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR); however, its clinical utility in patients with low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels following primary radiation therapy has not been well-studied. This study aims to determine the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy of F-fluciclovine PET and the patterns of prostate cancer recurrence in patients with rising PSA after initial radiation therapy, particularly in patients with PSA levels below the accepted Phoenix definition of BCR (PSA nadir +2 ng/mL).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients from two tertiary institutions who underwent F-fluciclovine PET scans for elevated PSA level following initial external beam radiation therapy, brachytherapy, and/or proton therapy.

Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen PET in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiopharmaceuticals are playing a large role at the time of initial staging and biochemical recurrence for localizing prostate cancer, as well as in other emerging clinical settings. PSMA PET has demonstrated increased detection rate compared with conventional imaging and has been shown to change management plans in a substantial percentage of cases. The aims of this narrative review are to highlight the development and clinical impact of PSMA PET radiopharmaceuticals, to compare PSMA to other agents such as fluorine 18 fluciclovine and carbon 11 choline, and to highlight some of the individual PSMA PET agents that have contributed to the advancement of prostate cancer imaging.

The relationship between gender role and attitude toward menstruation with female sexual function: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Although female sexual function can be affected by many psychological, interpersonal, and sociocultural factors, limited studies have focused on the relationships between this construct with some concepts such as women's attitudes toward menstruation and perception from their gender role.

Objective: To investigate the association between gender roles and attitude toward menstruation with sexual function among Iranian reproductive women.

Materials And Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out on a group of 164 Iranian women referred to the health centers of Torbat Heydariyeh, between August and December 2018.

Solitary Penile Metastasis of Prostate Cancer on 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT Imaging in a Patient With PSA of 1 ng/mL.

An 85-year-old asymptomatic man with suspected biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer underwent an F-fluciclovine PET/CT scan, which revealed a solitary suspicious tracer uptake in the dorsal right corporal body of the proximal pendulous penis. The patient underwent ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the penile lesion, which revealed metastatic prostate cancer. The patient had definitive external beam radiation therapy 3 years before the examination.

Are Nephrostomy and Ureteral Stent Necessary after Multi-Access Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy?

Introduction: Totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a well-established technique used in single -access procedure nevertheless these results challenge the multi-access PCNL as a contra-indication to application of this technique.

Aims: To compare complication rates and safety of use of this technique after multi-access PCNL.

Methods: A Total of 130 patients with renal stones were enrolled in this cohort study.

The relationship between self-efficacy and some demographic and socioeconomic variables among Iranian Medical Sciences students.

Purpose: Self-efficacy not only concentrates on specialty and competence but also considers the individual beliefs about what is obtainable. This study aimed to determine the effect of demographic and socioeconomic variables on self-efficacy status in students of Babol University of Medical Sciences.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 350 students of Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2016.

Quantification of global lung inflammation using volumetric 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy: a comparison of photon and proton radiation therapy.

Introduction: Radiation pneumonitis is a major dose-limiting complication in thoracic radiation therapy (RT) and presents clinically in the first few months after RT. We evaluated the feasibility of quantifying pulmonary parenchymal glycolysis (PG) as a surrogate of global lung inflammation and radiation-induced pulmonary toxicity using a novel semiautomatic lung segmentation technique in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and compared PG in patients treated with photon or proton RT.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated 18 consecutive locally advanced NSCLC patients who underwent pretreatment and post-treatment F-FDG PET/CT treated with definitive (median: 66.

Economic sanctions threaten population health: the case of Iran.

Objective: The aim of the study is to review evidence of the negative consequences of international economic sanctions on population health in Iran and pathways via which the sanctions affect health.

Study Design: This is a narrative review.

Methods: Data from the World Bank and the Central Bank of Iran were gathered to clarify economic consequences of sanctions.