The role of intonation cues in aphasic patients' performance of the grammaticality judgment task.

This study investigated the possibility that the reported success of agrammatic aphasic patients in performing auditory grammaticality judgments results from their use of intonational cues to sentence well-formedness. Two agrammatic aphasics, two anomic aphasics, and two nonagrammatic patients with comprehension deficits for semantically reversible sentences were asked to judge grammatical well-formedness in three conditions. Results in a "natural" listening condition replicated the finding of M.

Memory codes and episodes in models of word identification: a reply to Johnston, van Santen, and Hale.

We suggest that the activation model of identification benefits for repeated words and pseudowords proposed by Johnston, van Santen, and Hale (1985) is a variant of our own code/episode model (Salasoo, Shiffrin, & Feustel, 1985), used to explain the temporary and long-lasting effects of repetitions. In particular, Johnston et al.'s X and Y factors may reflect the operation of episodic memory traces and codification, respectively.

Interaction of Knowledge Sources in Spoken Word Identification.

A gating technique was used in two studies of spoken word identification that investigated the relationship between the available acoustic-phonetic information in the speech signal and the context provided by meaningful and semantically anomalous sentences. The duration of intact spoken segments of target words and the location of these segments at the beginnings or endings of words in sentences were varied. The amount of signal duration required for word identification and the distribution of incorrect word responses were examined.

Building permanent memory codes: codification and repetition effects in word identification.

The studies presented in this article investigate the memory processes that underlie two phenomena in threshold identification: word superiority over pseudowords and the repetition effect (a prior presentation of an item facilitates later identification of that item). Codification (i.e.