Treadmill Exercise Training Ameliorates Apoptotic Cells and DNA Oxidation in the Cerebral Cortex of Rats Exposed to Chronic Ketamine Abuse.

Background: Ketamine abuse damages brain function and structure, increasing reactive oxygen species and apoptosis in the cerebral cortex, but moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) can enhance antioxidant defences and reduce apoptosis. Therefore, we aimed to answer whether MICT can reduce the side effects of chronic ketamine abuse.

Method: 24 Wistar rats were split into control (CON), ketamine abuse (KET), exercise after ketamine withdrawal (KET + EX), and non-intervention ketamine withdrawal (KET + WD) groups.