The stress and strain pattern in the ligaments of the acromioclavicular joint using a quasi-static model.

Background: The precise role of the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments during shoulder motion is unclear. We evaluate changes in the stress-strain distribution of the acromioclavicular joint's ligaments during different shoulder passive motion positions.

Methods: A 3D acromioclavicular joint model was reconstructed.

Knowledge about tuberculosis transmission and prevention and perceptions of health service utilization among index cases and contacts in Brazil: Understanding losses in the latent tuberculosis cascade of care.

Introduction: Tuberculosis contacts are candidates for active and latent tuberculosis infection screening and eventual treatment. However, many losses occur in the different steps of the contacts' cascade of care. Reasons for this are poorly understood.

GH gene expression in the submaxillary gland in normal and Ames dwarf mice.

High local GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) levels are capable of inducing transdifferentiation in salivary cells to synthesize GH. However, the factors implicated in this process remain unknown. To study this subject, normal and Ames dwarf mice were implanted in the submaxillary gland with a slow release pellet releasing 21 microgram GHRH (1-29)-NH(2)/day for 2 months.

Salivary gland is capable of GH synthesis under GHRH stimulation.

Twelve female rats weighing approximately 150 g received in the submaxillary gland a pellet capable of releasing 3.5 microg GHRH/h for 60 days. Another eight sex- and weight-matched animals received placebo pellets in the same place.

Petrosal sinus sampling for diagnosis of Cushing's disease: evidence of false negative results.

Objective: While inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) sampling correctly diagnoses pituitary-dependent Cushing's syndrome if a significant ratio of plasma ACTH between the IPS and the peripheral blood is demonstrated, little has been said about the significance of a negative ratio in Cushing's disease (e.g. a false-negative result).

Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in patients with craniopharyngioma.

Objective: Previous studies of preoperative pituitary function in patients with craniopharyngioma have been limited in scope and have focused on children. We have evaluated the impact of craniopharyngiomas and their surgical treatment on pituitary function in a large group of mostly adult patients.

Design: We performed a retrospective study of patients treated at our centre between 1980 and 1992.