The Effect of Sub-MIC of Salvadora persica on Growth and Virulence Gene Expressions in Streptococcus mutans.

Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious chronic disease caused by particular bacteria and their virulence products that causes demineralization and progressive deterioration of the dental enamel. Many studies have proven miswak to have a critical antibacterial impact, particularly on cariogenic bacteria and periodontal pathogens, in the oral cavity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Salvadora persica plant extract on growth and virulence gene expressions at mRNA levels in S.

Clinical and hematological characteristics of 300 COVID-19 patients in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

Background: COVID-19 primarily presents as a respiratory tract infection, but studies indicate that it could be considered a systemic disease that can spread to affect multiple organ systems, including respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, neurological, and immune systems.

Objective: To describe and analyze the clinical and hematological characteristics of 300 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Erbil, Kurdistan.

Methods: This retrospective study included 300 patients of any age admitted to hospital due to confirmed COVID-19 between September 2020 and February 2021.