Part II: A new perspective for modeling the bone remodeling process: Biology, mechanics, and pathologies.

In this paper, we explore the effects of biological (pathological) and mechanical damage on bone tissue within a benchmark model. Using the Finite Element Methodology, we analyze and numerically test the model's components, capabilities, and performance under physiologically and pathologically relevant conditions. Our findings demonstrate the model's effectiveness in simulating bone remodeling processes and self-repair mechanisms for micro-damage induced by biological internal conditions and mechanical external ones within bone tissue.

Tumor growth for remodeling process: A 2D approach.

This paper aims to present a comprehensive framework for coupling tumor-bone remodeling processes in a 2-dimensional geometry. This is achieved by introducing a bio-inspired damage that represents the growing tumor, which subsequently affects the main populations involved in the remodeling process, namely, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and bone tissue. The model is constructed using a set of differential equations based on the Komarova's and Ayati's models, modified to incorporate the bio-inspired damage that may result in tumor mass formation.

A Shoulder Musculoskeletal Model with Three-Dimensional Complex Muscle Geometries.

Muscle structure is an essential component in typical computational models of the musculoskeletal system. Almost all musculoskeletal models represent muscle geometry using a set of line segments. The straight-line approach limits models' ability to accurately predict the paths of muscles with complex geometry.

Both network architecture and micro cracks effects on lacuno-canalicular liquid flow efficiency within the context of multiphysics approach for bone remodeling.

When physical forces are applied to bone, its mechanical adaptive behaviors change according to the microarchitecture configuration. This leads to changes in biological and physical thresholds in the remodeling cell population, involving sensor cells (osteocytes) interacting with each other and changes in osteocyte shape due to variation in lacunar shape. The resulting alterations in fluid flow leads to changes in the membrane electrical potential and shear stress.

Influence of growth plate morphology on bone trabecular groups, a framework computational approach.

The morphology of the growth plate undergoes various transformations during each stage of development, affecting its shape, width, density, and other characteristics. This significantly impacts the distribution of stress in the epiphysis of long bones. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to examine the relationship between growth plate morphology and trabecular bone patterns.

A coupled mathematical model between bone remodeling and tumors: a study of different scenarios using Komarova's model.

This paper aims to construct a general framework of coupling tumor-bone remodeling processes in order to produce plausible outcomes of the effects of tumors on the number of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and the frequency of the bone turnover cycle. In this document, Komarova's model has been extended to include the effect of tumors on the bone remodeling processes. Thus, we explored three alternatives for coupling tumor presence into Komarova's model: first, using a "damage" parameter that depends on the tumor cell concentration.

Computational model of a synovial joint morphogenesis.

Joints enable the relative movement between the connected bones. The shape of the joint is important for the joint movements since they facilitate and smooth the relative displacement of the joint's parts. The process of how the joints obtain their final shape is yet not well understood.

and proves of concept for the use of a chemically cross-linked poly(ester-urethane-urea) scaffold as an easy handling elastomeric biomaterial for bone regeneration.

Bone loss can occur as a result of various pathologies, traumas and injuries and poor bone healing leads to functionally debilitating condition, loss of self-sufficiency and deterioration in life quality. Given the increasing incidence of facial trauma and the emergence of new procedural techniques, advanced scaffolds are currently developed as substitutes for bone tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated the capability of a chemically cross-linked ε-caprolactone-based poly(ester-urethane-urea) (PCLU) scaffold to support bone regeneration.

Electrospun Poly(ε-caprolactone) Fiber Scaffolds Functionalized by the Covalent Grafting of a Bioactive Polymer: Surface Characterization and Influence on in Vitro Biological Response.

The purpose of this study is to present the poly(caprolactone) (PCL) functionalization by the covalent grafting of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) on electrospun scaffolds using the "grafting from" technique and evaluate the effect of the coating and surface wettability on the biological response. The "grafting from" technique required energy (thermal or UV) to induce the decomposition of the PCL (hydro)peroxides and generate radicals able to initiate the polymerization of NaSS. In addition, UV irradiation was used to initiate the radical polymerization of NaSS directly from the surface (UV direct "grafting from").

The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma to Promote Cell Recruitment into Low-Molecular-Weight Fucoidan-Functionalized Poly(Ester-Urea-Urethane) Scaffolds for Soft-Tissue Engineering.

Due to their elastomeric behavior, polyurethane-based scaffolds can find various applications in soft-tissue engineering. However, their relatively inert surface has to be modified in order to improve cell colonization and control cell fate. The present study focuses on porous biodegradable scaffolds based on poly(ester-urea-urethane), functionalized concomitantly to the scaffold elaboration with low-molecular-weight (LMW) fucoidan; and their bio-activation with platelet rich plasma (PRP) formulations with the aim to promote cell response.

Characterization of elastomeric scaffolds developed for tissue engineering applications by compression and nanoindentation tests, -Raman and -Brillouin spectroscopies.

In tissue engineering, porous biodegradable scaffolds are developed with morphological, chemical and mechanical properties to promote cell response. Therefore, the scaffold characterization at a (sub)micrometer and (bio)molecular level is paramount since cells are sensitive to the chemical signals, the rigidity, and the spatial structuring of their microenvironment. In addition to the analysis at room temperature by conventional quasi-static (0.