Oral Findings, Salivary Copper, Magnesium, and Leptin in Type II Diabetic Patients in Relation to Oral Species.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a condition in which the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, leading to reduced insulin production in the pancreas. It has genetic- and family-related risk factors that cannot be changed, along with modifiable lifestyle factors. The precise genetic causes of type 2 diabetes are still unknown.

Permeation Flux Prediction of Vacuum Membrane Distillation Using Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques.

Vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) has attracted increasing interest for various applications besides seawater desalination. Experimental testing of membrane technologies such as VMD on a pilot or large scale can be laborious and costly. Machine learning techniques can be a valuable tool for predicting membrane performance on such scales.

Metronidazole Potentiation by Panax Ginseng and : A New Strategy for Infection Control.

The important periodontal disease pathogen produces thick biofilms that increase its pathogenicity. Finding natural antimicrobial agents is crucial because of the rise in antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine if plant extracts such as (S) and Panax Ginseng (G) were effective against separately and in combination with a common antibiotic, metronidazole (F).

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Membrane for Separation of Soluble Toluene by Pervaporation Process.

A commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane was employed to separate the soluble toluene compounds (CH) from an aqueous solution via the pervaporation (PV) process. The performance and the efficacy of the PDMS PV membrane were evaluated through the estimation of the permeation flux and separation factor under various operating parameters. The response surface method (RSM) built in the Minitab-18 software was used for the design of the experiment in this study, and the responses of the permeation flux and the separation factor were analyzed and optimized based on the operating conditions.

Modeling and simulation of pervaporation (PV) separation for alcohol dehydration.

The separation performance of commercial crosslinked poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes (i.e., the new commercial membrane PERVAP™ 4100 H F and standard membrane PERVAP™ 4100) used for the dehydration of two alcohol-water systems (i.

Separation of Soluble Benzene from an Aqueous Solution by Pervaporation Using a Commercial Polydimethylsiloxane Membrane.

A developed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane was used to separate soluble benzene compounds (CH) from an aqueous solution via a pervaporation (PV) process. This membrane was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle (CA), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). To evaluate the performance of the membrane, the separation factor and permeation flux were estimated in various operating conditions, including the feed temperature, initial benzene concentration, and feed flow rate.

Ethanol Separation from an Ethanol-Water Solution Using Vacuum Membrane Distillation.

The vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process was applied to separate ethanol from a simulated ethanol-water solution using a commercial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. The presence of ethanol in the ethanol-water solution with a 2 wt.% ethanol concentration at a temperature above 40 °C during the MD process may result in membrane failure due to an increase in the chance of the PTFE membrane wetting at high temperatures.

EVALUATION OF ANNUAL RADIATION EXPOSURE OF STAFF IN A CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION DEPARTMENT IN SAUDI ARABIA.

The objective of this study is to estimate the annual effective dose for cardiologists and nurses by measuring Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) during cardiac catheterization procedures. A total of 16 staffs members were working in interventional cardiology during 1 year at a tertiary hospital.

A Systematic Framework for Optimizing a Sweeping Gas Membrane Distillation (SGMD).

The present work has undertaken a meticulous glance on optimizing the performance of an SGMD configuration utilized a porous poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF--HFP) membrane. This was carried out by conducting a systematic framework for investigating and optimizing the pertinent parameters such as sweeping gas flow rate, feed temperature, feed concentration and feed flow rate on the permeate flux. For this purpose, the Taguchi method and design of experiment techniques were harnessed to statistically determine optimum operational conditions.

Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of Lead Pb and Cd Retention from a Single Salt Using a Hollow Fiber PES Membrane.

The present work reports the performance of three types of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane in the removal of highly polluting and toxic lead Pb and cadmium Cd ions from a single salt. This study investigated the effect of operating variables, including pH, types of PES membrane, and feed concentration, on the separation process. The transport parameters and mass transfer coefficient (k) of the membranes were estimated using the combined film theory-solution-diffusion (CFSD), combined film theory-Spiegler-Kedem (CFSK), and combined film theory-finely-porous (CFFP) membrane transport models.

Familial Hydrocephalus and Dysgenesis of the Corpus Callosum Associated with Xp22.33 Duplication and Stenosis of the Aqueduct of Sylvius with X-Linked Recessive Inheritance Pattern.

Introduction: X-linked recessive mutations predominantly affect male fetuses with milder or no abnormalities in female siblings. Most reports show only one affected member in the family. We are reporting a family affected with hydrocephalus, stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, and Xp22.

Evaluation of versatility of use of island first dorsal metacarpal artery flap in reconstruction of dorsal hand defects.

Background: Posttraumatic dorsal hand defects with exposed tendons and/or bones represent a challenge to reconstructive surgeons. Many options are suggested ranging from local, regional, distant up to free flaps. First dorsal metacarpal artery island flap was commonly prescribed for reconstructing the thumb or first web space defects.

Association of DSM-5 Betel-Quid Use Disorder With Oral Potentially Malignant Disorder in 6 Betel-Quid Endemic Asian Populations.

Importance: Betel-quid (BQ) is the fourth most popular psychoactive agent worldwide. An emerging trend across Asia is the addictive consumption of BQ, which is associated with oral cancer and other health consequences.

Objective: To investigate the validity and pattern of DSM-5-defined BQ use disorder (BUD) and its association with oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) among Asian populations.

Osteitis of the radius following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination at birth: a case report.

Background: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, which is used for the prevention of tuberculosis, is considered protective against the severe forms of childhood tuberculosis. However, some serious adverse reactions including osteitis of the long bones can occur.

Case Presentation: We report a case of an 18-month-old Sudanese girl who presented at the age of 3 months with swelling of her left forearm following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination administered at birth.

Perinatal outcomes following Helping Babies Breathe training and regular peer-peer skills practice among village midwives in Sudan.

Background: Over 80% of deliveries in Sudan occur in rural areas, attended by village midwives (VMWs).

Objective: To determine the impact of Helping Babies Breathe training and regular peer-peer skills practice (HBBT) on VMW resuscitation practices and outcomes.

Methods: In a prospective community-based intervention study, 71/82 VMWs, reporting to six East Nile rural medical centres, with previous experience in community health research, consented to HBBT.

Dietary habits, oral impact on daily performance and type 2 diabetes: a matched case-control study from Sudan.

Background: It is evident that social and behavioural factors influence on individuals' general health and quality of life. Nevertheless, information about the influence of dietary habits on oral health-related quality of life is limited; especially among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of this study was to examine the influence of dietary habits and clinical oral health indicators on oral health-related quality of life in individuals with and without T2D.

Brain tuberculoma, an unusual cause of stroke in a child with trisomy 21: a case report.

Background: Tuberculosis remains a public health problem in developing countries and is associated with lethal central nervous system complications. Intracranial tuberculomas occur in 13% of children with neurotuberculosis. Patients with trisomy 21 have an increased risk for stroke, which usually stems from cardiovascular defects.

Randomized Trials Comparing Inactivated Vaccine After Medium- or High-titer Measles Vaccine With Standard Titer Measles Vaccine After Inactivated Vaccine: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Observational studies have suggested that girls have higher mortality if their most recent immunization is an inactivated vaccine rather than a live vaccine. We therefore reanalyzed 5 randomized trials of early measles vaccine (MV) in which it was possible to compare an inactivated vaccines [after medium-titer MV (MTMV) or high-titer MV (HTMV)] and a live standard titer MV (after an initial inactivated vaccine).

Methods: The trials were conducted in Sudan, Senegal, The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau.

Propranolol-induced gingival hyperplasia with Nager syndrome: A rare adverse drug reaction.

Drug reactions are a group of reactionary lesions generally show their manifestations in the oral cavity. The drug reactions may vary from local rashes to well-developed swellings in the oral cavity especially involving the gingiva. Most of the drug reactions are asymptomatic and commonly triggered from the active metabolite of a drug used for a long time.

Burst-mode optical label processor with ultralow power consumption.

A novel label processor subsystem for 100-Gbps (25-Gbps × 4λs) burst-mode optical packets is developed, in which a highly energy-efficient method is pursued for extracting and interfacing the ultrafast packet-label to a CMOS-based processor where label recognition takes place. The method involves performing serial-to-parallel conversion for the label bits on a bit-by-bit basis by using an optoelectronic converter that is operated with a set of optical triggers generated in a burst-mode manner upon packet arrival. Here we present three key achievements that enabled a significant reduction in the total power consumption and latency of the whole subsystem; 1) based on a novel operation mechanism for providing amplification with bit-level selectivity, an optical trigger pulse generator, that consumes power for a very short duration upon packet arrival, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, 2) the energy of optical triggers needed by the optoelectronic serial-to-parallel converter is reduced by utilizing a negative-polarity signal while employing an enhanced conversion scheme entitled the discharge-or-hold scheme, 3) the necessary optical trigger energy is further cut down by half by coupling the triggers through the chip's backside, whereas a novel lens-free packaging method is developed to enable a low-cost alignment process that works with simple visual observation.

Influence of Type 2 Diabetes on Prevalence of Key Periodontal Pathogens, Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Bone Remodeling Markers in Sudanese Adults with and without Chronic Periodontitis.

This study compared the influence of type 2 diabetes on the occurrence of six periodontal pathogens in plaque samples of patients with and without chronic periodontitis. Levels of salivary MMP-8, MMP-9, RANKL, and OPG were also investigated. The study enrolled 31 patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis (DM + CP), 29 with chronic periodontitis (CP), and 20 with type 2 diabetes (DM).

Skills retention in Sudanese village midwives 1 year following Helping Babies Breathe training.

Background: Over 80% of deliveries in Sudan occur in isolated villages, attended by village midwives (VMWs). Upgrading newborn resuscitation skills with the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) programme could improve newborn survival rates.

Objective: To describe the competencies in newborn resuscitation of selected VMWs pre-HBB and post-HBB training.

Clinical and Laboratory Potential Predictors of Blood Culture Positivity in Under Five Children with Clinically Severe Pneumonia - Khartoum -Sudan.

Background: Blood culture is necessary for appropriate management of clinically severe pneumonia in children under five years of age. However, in limited resource countries it might be unduly costly and waste of valuable time because of the high negative culture rate.

Objectives: This study aims to identify clinical and laboratory parameters that potentially predict a positive blood culture in cases of severe pneumonia.

Influence of type 2 diabetes on local production of inflammatory molecules in adults with and without chronic periodontitis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Pathological changes in periodontal tissues are mediated by the interaction between microorganisms and the host immune-inflammatory response. Hyperglycemia may interfere with this process. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of 27 inflammatory molecules in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with type 2 diabetes, with and without chronic periodontitis, and of chronic periodontitis subjects without diabetes.

Impact of Chronic Periodontitis on Levels of Glucoregulatory Biomarkers in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes.

The relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is bidirectional, but information about the effect of chronic periodontitis on the levels of the glucoregulatory biomarkers locally in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is limited. The aim of this study was to compare the levels of 10 glucoregulatory biomarkers in GCF, firstly in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) presenting with and without chronic periodontitis and secondly, in subjects without diabetes, with and without chronic periodontitis. The material comprised a total of 152 subjects, stratified as: 54 with T2DM and chronic periodontitis (G1), 24 with T2DM (G2), 30 with chronic periodontitis (G3) and 44 without T2DM or periodontitis (G4).