Screening of antibiogram, virulence factors, and biofilm production of and the bio-control role of some probiotics as alternative antibiotics.

Background: Food safety is a serious challenge in the face of increasing population and diminishing resources. is a critical foodborne pathogen characterized by its capability to secret a diverse range of heat-resistant enterotoxins. Antibiotic usage in dairy herds resulted in the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns among bacterial species, which were consequently transmitted to humans via dairy products.

Assessment of a regulatory sanitization process in Egyptian dairy plants in regard to the adherence of some food-borne pathogens and their biofilms.

Food-borne pathogens may develop certain strategies that enable them to defy harsh conditions such as chemical sanitization. Biofilm formation represents a prominent one among those adopted strategies, by which food-borne pathogens protect themselves against external threats. Thus, bacterial biofilm is considered as a major hazard for safe food production.