Factors Affecting Vancomycin Trough Concentration; a Population Pharmacokinetic Model in Non-Critical Care Saudi Patients.

Background And Objective: Vancomycin is commonly prescribed in treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. While, vancomycins' pharmacokinetic vary among older patients, there is a paucity of data regarding specific characteristics influencing pharmacokinetics in Saudi adult patients. This study aims to establish a population-pharmacokinetic (Pop-PK) model for vancomycin in patients admitted to medical wards, with the focus on identification of patient characteristics influencing vancomycin trough concentrations.

Incidence of Surgical Site Infection Following Cesarean Section and Its Associated Factors in a Hospital of the Eastern Region, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) following cesarean sections (CS) pose significant challenges in healthcare settings, prompting this five-year investigation in a Qatif Area general hospital. The study aimed to delineate nuances in SSI occurrences, assess yearly variations, and identify associated risk factors impacting SSI rates among CS patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 1584 cesarean sections conducted over five years was undertaken, and the reported SSI cases were examined to calculate the overall and yearly SSI rates.

Impact of Genetic Variations on Thromboembolic Risk in Saudis with Sickle Cell Disease.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a Mendelian disease characterized by multigenic phenotypes. Previous reports indicated a higher rate of thromboembolic events (TEEs) in SCD patients. A number of candidate polymorphisms in certain genes (e.

Impact of telemedicine on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 lockdown period.

Background: The lockdown at the start of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Saudi Arabia (March 2020 to June 2020) shifted routine in-person care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to telemedicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact telemedicine had during this period on glycemic control (HbA1c) in patients with T2DM.

Methods: 4,266 patients with T2DM were screened from five Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs hospitals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Pharmacogenes that demonstrate high association evidence according to CPIC, DPWG, and PharmGKB.

Background: Different levels of evidence related to the variable responses of individuals to drug treatment have been reported in various pharmacogenomic (PGx) databases. Identification of gene-drug pairs with strong association evidence can be helpful in prioritizing the implementation of PGx guidelines and focusing on a gene panel. This study aimed to determine the pharmacogenes with the highest evidence-based association and to indicate their involvement in drug-gene interactions.

Elevated plasma level of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal on admission is an independent biomarker of mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients.

Biomarkers to identify ICU COVID-19 patients at high risk for mortality are urgently needed for therapeutic care and management. Here we found plasma levels of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) were 4.4-fold higher in ICU patients upon admission that later died (n = 33), and 1.

The Coronaviruses of Animals and Birds: Their Zoonosis, Vaccines, and Models for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2.

The viruses of the family are ubiquitous in nature due to their existence in a wide spectrum of mammals and avian species. The coronaviruses, as RNA viruses, exist as quasispecies because of their high rate of mutations. This review elaborates on the pathogenesis and the developed vaccines of most of the ubiquitous coronavirus' diseases, mainly bovine, dromedary camel, porcine, feline, canine, and avian coronaviruses.

Elderly people are inherently sensitive to the pharmacological activity of rivaroxaban: implications for DOAC prescribing.

According to both trial and clinical data on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) elderly patients are at greatest risk of bleeding. It is unclear whether age intrinsically affects anticoagulation response. To investigate the age-related sensitivity to DOACs, we compared the pharmacological activity of the direct factor Xa inhibitor, rivaroxaban, between young and elderly subjects ex-vivo.

Effect of genetic and patient factors on warfarin pharmacodynamics following warfarin withdrawal: Implications for patients undergoing surgery.

Introduction: Warfarin therapy is stopped for a fixed period prior to surgery to minimise risk of perioperative bleeding. However, anticoagulation subsides at varying rates among different patients. We evaluated the influence of genetic (CYP2C9 and VKORC1), patient and clinical factors on warfarin clearance and the decline in INR following warfarin withdrawal.

Individual and monitoring centre influences upon anticoagulation control of AF patients on warfarin: A longitudinal multi-centre UK-based study.

Objectives: Time within therapeutic INR range (TTR) predicts benefits/risk of warfarin therapy. Identification of individual- and centre-related factors that influence TTR, and addressing them to improve anticoagulation control, are important. This study examined the impact of individual and centre-related factors upon long-term anticoagulation control in atrial fibrillation patients in seven UK-based monitoring services.

Impact of age on long-term anticoagulation and how gender and monitoring setting affect it: implications for decision making and patient management.

Aims: Stabilization of anticoagulation control is seminal to reducing the risk of adverse effects of vitamin K antagonists. Reliable information on how ageing influences this is lacking. We set out to assess the true age-related changes in anticoagulation control, how gender and patient setting influence this, and the possible implications of these for patient outcomes and management.

The impact of genetics on the management of patients on warfarin awaiting surgery.

Two older patients with atrial fibrillation, receiving warfarin for thromboembolic prophylaxis, with a target range of 2.0-3.0, were significantly over anticoagulated prior to elective intervention, in spite of having adhered to the standard protocol of 5 days of warfarin interruption.

Anticoagulation control and cost of monitoring of older patients on chronic warfarin therapy in three settings in North East England.

Background: novel oral anticoagulants may be particularly cost-effective when INR control (TTR) with warfarin is poor or monitoring difficult.

Setting: the Newcastle upon Tyne monitoring service, set in hospital or general practice and a domiciliary-based service for housebound patients.

Objectives: to examine anticoagulation stability and costs of monitoring.