Familial Hydrocephalus and Dysgenesis of the Corpus Callosum Associated with Xp22.33 Duplication and Stenosis of the Aqueduct of Sylvius with X-Linked Recessive Inheritance Pattern.

Introduction: X-linked recessive mutations predominantly affect male fetuses with milder or no abnormalities in female siblings. Most reports show only one affected member in the family. We are reporting a family affected with hydrocephalus, stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, and Xp22.

Osteitis of the radius following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination at birth: a case report.

Background: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, which is used for the prevention of tuberculosis, is considered protective against the severe forms of childhood tuberculosis. However, some serious adverse reactions including osteitis of the long bones can occur.

Case Presentation: We report a case of an 18-month-old Sudanese girl who presented at the age of 3 months with swelling of her left forearm following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination administered at birth.

Perinatal outcomes following Helping Babies Breathe training and regular peer-peer skills practice among village midwives in Sudan.

Background: Over 80% of deliveries in Sudan occur in rural areas, attended by village midwives (VMWs).

Objective: To determine the impact of Helping Babies Breathe training and regular peer-peer skills practice (HBBT) on VMW resuscitation practices and outcomes.

Methods: In a prospective community-based intervention study, 71/82 VMWs, reporting to six East Nile rural medical centres, with previous experience in community health research, consented to HBBT.

Brain tuberculoma, an unusual cause of stroke in a child with trisomy 21: a case report.

Background: Tuberculosis remains a public health problem in developing countries and is associated with lethal central nervous system complications. Intracranial tuberculomas occur in 13% of children with neurotuberculosis. Patients with trisomy 21 have an increased risk for stroke, which usually stems from cardiovascular defects.

Randomized Trials Comparing Inactivated Vaccine After Medium- or High-titer Measles Vaccine With Standard Titer Measles Vaccine After Inactivated Vaccine: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Observational studies have suggested that girls have higher mortality if their most recent immunization is an inactivated vaccine rather than a live vaccine. We therefore reanalyzed 5 randomized trials of early measles vaccine (MV) in which it was possible to compare an inactivated vaccines [after medium-titer MV (MTMV) or high-titer MV (HTMV)] and a live standard titer MV (after an initial inactivated vaccine).

Methods: The trials were conducted in Sudan, Senegal, The Gambia and Guinea-Bissau.

Skills retention in Sudanese village midwives 1 year following Helping Babies Breathe training.

Background: Over 80% of deliveries in Sudan occur in isolated villages, attended by village midwives (VMWs). Upgrading newborn resuscitation skills with the Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) programme could improve newborn survival rates.

Objective: To describe the competencies in newborn resuscitation of selected VMWs pre-HBB and post-HBB training.

Clinical and Laboratory Potential Predictors of Blood Culture Positivity in Under Five Children with Clinically Severe Pneumonia - Khartoum -Sudan.

Background: Blood culture is necessary for appropriate management of clinically severe pneumonia in children under five years of age. However, in limited resource countries it might be unduly costly and waste of valuable time because of the high negative culture rate.

Objectives: This study aims to identify clinical and laboratory parameters that potentially predict a positive blood culture in cases of severe pneumonia.

Poor adherence to the World Health Organization guidelines of treatment of severe pneumonia in children at Khartoum, Sudan.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is as a major cause for childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the adherence and response of the WHO guidelines for treatment of severe pneumonia.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the period of June 2009 to July 2010 at Khartoum Hospital, Sudan.

Cystic fibrosis in Sudanese children: First report of 35 cases.

Cystic fibrosis is the most common severe genetic disorder among children of European descent. It is much less common in Africans and Asians. It affects most critically the lungs causing chronic lung disease, failure to thrive and social deprivation.

Congenital cystic adenamatoid malformation: A case report.

We here report a rare case of congenital cystic adenamatoid malformation[CCAM]. This case presented early in the neonatal period with bilateral lung cysts and have favorable outcome. However, the patient continued to be oxygen dependent for more than six weeks.

Characteristics associated with severe pneumonia in under-five children admitted to emergency units of two teaching hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan.

Pneumonia, defined as infection of lung parenchyma, is associated with severe complications especially in the very young and old patients. It is the world's leading cause of childhood mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification and guidelines are commonly used in Sudan in the diagnosis and management of pneumonia patients.

A new complex homozygous large rearrangement of the PINK1 gene in a Sudanese family with early onset Parkinson's disease.

PARK2 and PINK1 gene mutations are involved in recessive early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). In order to determine the causative mutations in three affected sibs from a consanguineous Sudanese family with EOPD, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification was performed and revealed that the patients were homozygous for a deletion of PINK1 exons 4 to 8. Breakpoint analysis revealed a complex rearrangement combining a large deletion and the insertion of a sequence duplicated from the DDOST gene intron 2, located near the PINK1 gene.

Treatment of severe malnutrition with 2-day intramuscular ceftriaxone vs 5-day amoxicillin.

Background: Systemic antibiotics are routinely prescribed for severe acute malnutrition (SAM). However, there is no consensus regarding the most suitable regimen. In a therapeutic feeding centre in Khartoum, Sudan, a randomised, unblinded, superiority-controlled trial was conducted, comparing once daily intramuscular injection with ceftriaxone for 2 days with oral amoxicillin twice daily for 5 days in children aged 6-59 months with SAM.

Neonatal resuscitation courses for pediatric residents: comparison between Khartoum (Sudan) and Padova (Italy).

Background: The efficacy of a Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) has been previously evaluated in developed countries, but there is a lack of information regarding the impact of this teaching program in developing countries. Our aim was to compare the knowledge gained by University of Khartoum (Sudan) and University of Padova (Italy) pediatric residents following participation in the NRP course.

Methods: An 80-item questionnaire derived from the standard test contained in the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Manual was given to participants before and after the course.

The sequence of vaccinations and increased female mortality after high-titre measles vaccine: trials from rural Sudan and Kinshasa.

Objective: West African studies have hypothesized that increased female mortality after high-titre measles vaccine (HTMV) was due to subsequent diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) vaccinations. We tested two deductions from this hypothesis in HTMV studies from rural Sudan and Kinshasa; first, there should be no excess female mortality for HTMV recipients when DTP was not given after HTMV and second, excess female mortality should only be found among those children who received DTP after HTMV.

Studies: The Sudanese trial randomised 510 children to Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) HTMV, Connaught HTMV or a control vaccine (meningococcal).

Case report: congenital salivary gland analage tumor presenting with neonatal respiratory distress.

Stridor in the newborn is not an unusual entity. This article describes a rare presentation of neonatal respiratory distress caused by a benign nasopharyngeal salivary gland analage tumor.

The efficacy of artemether versus quinine in the treatment of cerebral malaria.

Cerebral malaria remains a major cause of childhood morbidity. Quinine is the drug of choice for which resistance is now emerging. A total of 77 children admitted to Khartoum Children Emergency Hospital who conform to WHO criteria of cerebral malaria were randomly allocated to receive either artemether (1.

Introducing qualitative perinatal audit in a tertiary hospital in Sudan.

In a 3-month period, May to August 2000, the perinatal mortality rate at Omdurman Maternity Hospital (OMH), Sudan, was 8.2%. Two groups of perinatal deaths, intrapartum deaths of non-malformed infants and neonatal deaths of mature infants above 34 weeks, both considered to be potentially avoidable by improved care, were in excess when compared with other regions.

No evidence for short or long term morbidity after increased titer measles vaccination in Sudan.

Background: Increased mortality rates have been reported after high titer measles [>10(5.0) plaque-forming units (PFU)] vaccination in several large studies in the developing world. An increased titer measles vaccine study conducted in Sudan included a prolonged prospective evaluation of childhood morbidity after vaccination.