Publications by authors named "Sala M"

West Nile (WNV) and Usutu (USUV) viruses co-circulated in a region of Central Italy (Lazio) in 2018, as evidenced by the detection of WNV in the nervous tissues of symptomatic horses and USUV in blood donors and mosquito pools. To assess whether these viruses were endemic in the region, we analysed: 1) diapausing Culex pipiens mosquitoes collected during the winter seasons 2022-2023 and 2023-2024, 2) Cx. pipiens mosquitoes collected during the adult activity period from April to November in 2022 and 2023 across 4 provinces, and 3) sera from 52 horses and tissues from 537 birds.

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The medically important immunosuppressant FK506 is a structurally complex macrolactone biosynthesized by a combined polyketide synthase and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase enzyme complex. Its acyltransferase domain 4 (AT4) selects an unusual extender unit, resulting in an allyl moiety on carbon 21 of the macrolactone backbone. Based on the AT4 domain, chemobiosynthetic processes have been developed that enable the introduction of diverse moieties at the carbon 21 position.

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Objectives: External risk factors connected to club, team and coaching are believed to be important in the causation of hamstring injuries, but little is known about the preventive measures used. The objective was to analyse the association between preventive factors and hamstring muscle injury burden.

Methods: 14 teams participated in the Union of European Football Associations Champions/Europa Leagues from 2019/2020 to 2022/2023.

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Objectives: Evaluate the differences in metabolic risk factors in preschool children with normal weight (NWG) or with some degree of excess weight (OWG).

Methods: Body mass index (BMI), umbilical waist circumference (WC), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and total body fat (TBF) in children aged 1-5.9 years.

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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) monitors the presence and concentration of contaminants in food to mitigate health risks. EU legislation sets maximum levels of heavy metals in foods, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and total Hg (THg) in seafood, due to their toxicity. In the framework of official control, between 2014 and 2023, 5854 seafood samples were collected and 4300 analyses for THg, 3338 for Cd, and 2171 for Pb were performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS).

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Soft-tissue sarcomas are rare, diverse malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, requiring diagnosis and treatment by a specialized multidisciplinary team. Initial assessment includes radiology and biopsy, followed by wide surgical resection with clear margins for localized cases. Radiotherapy is recommended for large, deep, high-grade tumors or after incomplete resection, while perioperative chemotherapy may be considered for high-risk cases.

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Although eating disorders (EDs) affect individuals of all races and ethnicities, racially/ethnically minoritized individuals are less likely to receive ED treatment than White individuals. The present study aimed to compare ED treatment experiences in a sample of racially/ethnically minoritized individuals vs. White participants.

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Inflammasomes are defense complexes that utilize cytokines and immunogenic cell death (ICD) to stimulate the immune system against pathogens. Inspired by their dual action, we present cytokine-armed pyroptosis as a strategy for boosting immune response against diverse types of tumors. To induce pyroptosis, we utilize designed tightly regulated gasdermin D variants comprising different pore-forming capabilities and diverse modes of activation, representing a toolbox of ICD inducers.

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Post-Normal Science (PNS) was introduced about 30 years ago to address the changing relation between science and governance when science is called upon to provide inputs to policy-related issued. Originally concerned mainly with environmental risks, in the last decades the PNS approach has been applied to a growing and diversified number of issues. It is considered particularly appropriate in situations characterized by: uncertain facts, a plurality of potentially conflicting values, high stakes, and urgent decisions.

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Introduction: Platinum rechallenge is recommended for patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) who relapse ≥90 days after completing first-line chemotherapy, although it may not always be the most suitable option.

Areas Covered: Articles for review were identified via PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov searches, supplemented with non-indexed publications (e.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study is a scoping review of network research related to eating disorders (EDs), analyzing literature published from 2016 to 2021 and examining 61 relevant manuscripts.* -
  • Key findings highlight that issues like weight overvaluation, body image concerns, and emotional symptoms are central to EDs, not just in individuals with EDs but also in those without.* -
  • Future research should focus on diverse populations and advanced modeling techniques to explore how targeting essential ED symptoms might enhance treatment effectiveness.*
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Histidine phosphorylation (pHis) is a non-canonical post-translational modification (PTM) that is historically understudied due to a lack of robust reagents that are required for its investigation, such as high affinity pHis-specific antibodies. Engineering pHis-specific antibodies is very challenging due to the labile nature of the phosphoramidate (P-N) bond and the stringent requirements for selective recognition of the two isoforms, 1-phosphohistidine (1-pHis) and 3-phosphohistidine (3-pHis). Here, we present a strategy for engineering of antibodies for detection of native 3-pHis targets.

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Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are critical infectious complications among pediatric hematology-oncology patients, and the management of central venous catheters (CVCs) by healthcare personnel can significantly influence the incidence of these infections. This study evaluates the impact of nurse-led changes in CVC management on the incidence of CLABSIs.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at an urban, tertiary referral, and academic center serving pediatric patients.

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Background: The Children's Oncology Group (COG)-AALL0434 trial investigated the addition of nelarabine to the augmented Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster (aBFM) protocol in patients (1.0-30.99 years) with newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL).

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  • Maternal nutrition during the first thousand days is crucial for infant development, particularly the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which support neurogenesis in infants.
  • A study analyzed blood and breast milk fatty acid profiles from 45 lactating mothers and their exclusively breastfed infants, revealing a low DHA level in milk linked to insufficient maternal consumption of DHA-rich foods.
  • A significant correlation was found between the DHA percentages in maternal milk and infants' erythrocyte membranes, indicating that higher DHA in breast milk leads to increased DHA levels in infants' blood, highlighting the importance of maternal diet in influencing infant nutrition.
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Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages drive lung injury and fibrosis in murine models and are associated with pulmonary fibrosis in humans. Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages have been suggested to develop a phenotype that promotes lung repair as injury resolves. We compared single-cell and cytokine profiling of the alveolar space in a cohort of 35 patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 who had persistent respiratory symptoms and abnormalities on a computed tomography scan of the chest that subsequently improved or progressed.

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Hyperaccumulating plants are able to (hyper)accumulate high concentrations of metal(loid)s in their above-ground tissues without any signs of toxicity. Studies on the root-associated microbiome have been previously conducted in relation to hyperaccumulators, yet much remains unknown about the interactions between hyperaccumulating hosts and their microbiomes, as well as the dynamics within these microbial communities. Here, we assess the impact of the plant host on shaping microbial communities of three naturally occurring populations of Noccaea species in Slovenia: Noccaea praecox and co-occurring N.

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Schizophrenia is associated with higher cancer-related mortality, perhaps due to delayed diagnosis and limited access to treatment. The study aimed to compare patients diagnosed with cancer with and without schizophrenia to determine whether these groups differ in terms of oncological variables and survival outcomes. This was a retrospective, observational cohort study that included 30.

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Article Synopsis
  • Bone diseases result from an imbalance in bone remodeling due to increased activity of osteoclasts and decreased activity of osteoblasts, and the mevalonate pathway (MVA) is essential for maintaining this equilibrium through the action of the enzyme FPPS.
  • FDA-approved nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) target FPPS, highlighting its importance in treating bone-related diseases, while recent research focuses on developing new FPPS inhibitors using a combination of computational modeling, biochemical assays, and biophysical techniques.
  • The study demonstrates that newly designed peptides and phosphopeptides effectively inhibit FPPS, showcasing potential as anti-cancer agents by impacting the MVA pathway in murine colorectal cancer cells.
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Background: The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a recently recognized anorectic and glucose-regulating hormone with an unknown role in lactation.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to assess LEAP2 presence in human milk and putative associations with infant body weight and adiposity in the first year of life, 2) to evaluate the impact of maternal weight status on LEAP2 concentration, and 3) to explore the relationship between infant plasma LEAP2 concentration and body weight and adiposity.

Methods: This prospective cohort observational study assessed LEAP2 concentration in plasma and milk from lactating women with normal weight (n = 26) or overweight or obesity (OW/OB, n = 26) at 6 mo postpartum and in 6-mo-old infant plasma, examining associations with metabolic and anthropometric variables at 6 mo and 1 y.

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Purpose: The ETOP 10-16 BOOSTER study was a randomized phase II trial of osimertinib and bevacizumab therapy versus osimertinib therapy in patients with an acquired EGFR T790M mutation. The mechanisms of acquired resistance to osimertinib and bevacizumab have not been described previously.

Experimental Design: Next-generation sequencing (Guardant360) was conducted in serial plasma samples.

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The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has highlighted the need for advanced antiviral strategies. Targeting the coronaviral methyltransferase nsp14, which is essential for RNA capping, offers a promising approach for the development of small-molecule inhibitors. We designed and synthesized a series of adenosine 5'-carboxamide derivatives as potential nsp14 inhibitors and identified coumarin analogs to be particularly effective.

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Article Synopsis
  • * It analyzed a total of 98 samples using ICP-MS, checking for elements like lead, arsenic, and mercury among others, resulting in 151 measurements.
  • * The findings revealed that 11.3% of measurements had trace metals below EU legal limits, which could help inform dietary safety, compare regions, and strategize surveillance efforts.
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  • Prognostic biomarkers are important for understanding sporadic desmoid tumors (DT) due to their unpredictable nature; this study focused on gene expression differences between DTs located in the thoracic versus abdominal wall.
  • A retrospective analysis of 197 sporadic DT patients showed significant relationships between relapse-free survival (RFS) and factors like tumor size, location, and specific gene mutations, notably the CTNNB1 T41A and S45F mutations.
  • Results suggest that tumors in the abdominal wall have a better prognosis compared to extra-abdominal locations, with distinct gene expression profiles influencing cancer pathways related to their behavior and outcomes.
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