Wound, Pressure Ulcer, and Burn Guidelines-5: Guidelines for the management of lower leg ulcers and varicose veins, second edition.

"Wound, Pressure Ulcer, and Burn Guidelines-5: Guidelines for the management of lower leg ulcers and varicose veins, second edition" is revised from the first edition, which was published in the Japanese Journal of Dermatology in 2011. The guidelines were drafted by the Wound, Pressure Ulcer, and Burn Guidelines Drafting Committee delegated by the Japanese Dermatological Association and intend to facilitate physicians' clinical decisions in preventing, diagnosing and management of lower leg ulcers and varicose veins. We updated all sections by collecting documents published since the publication of the first edition.

Incidence, outcomes, and risk factors of postlaparoscopic subcutaneous emphysema: a historical cohort study.

Purpose: Subcutaneous emphysema is a common complication of laparoscopic surgery. We aimed to determine the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors of postlaparoscopic subcutaneous emphysema.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre historical cohort study of adult patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery at Kagoshima University Hospital between 1 April 2018 and 31 March 2021.

Fenestration Approach for Arytenoid Adduction in Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis.

Objective: Several surgical techniques have been reported for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Although the fenestration approach has recently been applied for arytenoid adduction (AA) in some cases, long-term large-cohort studies on its usefulness are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the long-term voice outcomes of this technique in patients with UVFP.

Impact of 1-year treatment with dupilumab on work productivity in Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) places a burden on work productivity. Recently, dupilumab was approved for AD, but its impact on work productivity in Japanese patients has not been reported. Furthermore, data on the effect of long-term treatment with dupilumab on work productivity are limited.

Impact of subjective well-being on physical frailty in middle-aged and elderly Japanese with high social isolation.

Social isolation exacerbates physical frailty and is associated with subjective well-being. Even those with high levels of social isolation may have different health statuses depending on the type of isolation and their subjective well-being. However, the effect of subjective well-being on the relationship between social isolation and physical frailty remains unclear.

A case of chronic gastric anisakiasis coexisting with early gastric cancer.

Background: Anisakiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked fish that is infected with third-stage larvae. In countries, such as Japan, Italy, and Spain, where people have a custom of eating raw or marinated fish, anisakiasis is a common infection. Although anisakiasis has been reported in the gastrointestinal tract in several countries, reports of anisakiasis accompanied by cancer are rare.

Honeycomb lung is a major risk factor for preoperative radiological tumor size underestimation in patients with primary lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer frequently occurs in lungs with background idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). Limited resection is often selected to treat lung cancer in patients with IIPs in whom respiratory function is already compromised. However, accurate surgical margins are essential for curative resection; underestimating these margins is a risk for residual lung cancer after surgery.

Effectiveness of Breath-holding Pulling Exercise in Patients with Vocal Fold Atrophy.

Objective: In recent years, the incidence of vocal fold atrophy has increased among the elderly. Vocal function exercises (VFE) are performed in patients with age-related vocal fold atrophy; however, treatment could be challenging if the patient is unable to go to the hospital or in hospitals that do not have a speech pathologist. Breath-holding pulling exercises are simple and can be performed anywhere for the management of such patients.

γH2AX, a DNA Double-Strand Break Marker, Correlates with PD-L1 Expression in Smoking-Related Lung Adenocarcinoma.

In recent years, the choice of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a treatment based on high expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in lung cancers has been increasing in prevalence. The high expression of PD-L1 could be a predictor of ICI efficacy as well as high tumor mutation burden (TMB), which is determined using next-generation sequencing (NGS). However, a great deal of effort is required to perform NGS to determine TMB.

Comparison of Fine-Tuned Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for the Automated Classification of Lung Cancer Cytology Images with Integration of Additional Classifiers.

Objective: It is essential to accurately diagnose and classify histological subtypes into adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) for the appropriate treatment of lung cancer patients. However, improving the accuracy and stability of diagnosis is challenging, especially for non-small cell carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to compare multiple deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) technique with subsequent additional classifiers in terms of accuracy and characteristics in each histology.

Fatal disseminated mucormycosis associated with COVID-19.

Secondary fungal infections are a critical problem that accompany immunosuppressive therapy for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report a fatal case of COVID-19 with disseminated mucormycosis diagnosed during autopsy. A 58-year-old man with diabetes was hospitalized for severe COVID-19 and treated with remdesivir, systemic steroids and tocilizumab.

Estrogen Sulfotransferase is Highly Expressed in Vascular Endothelial Cells Overlying Atherosclerotic Plaques.

Cytosolic estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E1) mainly catalyzes the sulfoconjugation and deactivation of estrogens that are known to exert potent anti-atherogenic effects. However, it remains unknown about the connection between SULT1E1 and atherosclerosis. Recently, we reported that SULT1E1 is highly expressed in the aorta with plaques of high fat-fed ApoE knockout (KO) mice (mouse model of atherosclerosis), and interacts with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) known as a major component of atherosclerotic lesions.

Weakly supervised learning for classification of lung cytological images using attention-based multiple instance learning.

In cytological examination, suspicious cells are evaluated regarding malignancy and cancer type. To assist this, we previously proposed an automated method based on supervised learning that classifies cells in lung cytological images as benign or malignant. However, it is often difficult to label all cells.

Mutual stain conversion between Giemsa and Papanicolaou in cytological images using cycle generative adversarial network.

Objective: Papanicolaou and Giemsa stains used in cytology have different characteristics and complementary roles. In this study, we focused on cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN), which is an image translation technique using deep learning, and we conducted mutual stain conversion between Giemsa and Papanicolaou in cytological images using CycleGAN.

Methods: A total of 191 Giemsa-stained images and 209 Papanicolaou-stained images were collected from 63 patients with lung cancer.

Interaction of Native- and Oxidized-Low-Density Lipoprotein with Human Estrogen Sulfotransferase.

Cytosolic estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E) mainly catalyzes the sulfate conjugation of estrogens, which decrease atherosclerosis progression. Recently we reported that a YKEG sequence in human SULT1E1 (hSULT1E1) corresponding to residues 61-64 can bind specifically to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; its major oxidative lipid component lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and its structurally similar lipid, platelet-activating factor (PAF). In this study, we investigated the effect of Ox-LDL on the sulfating activity of hSULT1E1.

Lung Pathology of Mutually Exclusive Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Postmortem lung pathology of a patient in Japan with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection showed diffuse alveolar damage as well as bronchopneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. The distribution of each pathogen and the accompanying histopathology suggested the infections progressed in a mutually exclusive manner within the lung, resulting in fatal respiratory failure.

Human estrogen sulfotransferase and its related fluorescently labeled decapeptides specifically interact with oxidized low-density lipoprotein.

Estrogen sulfotransferase (SULT1E) mainly catalyzes the sulfation of estrogens, which are known to prevent the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recently, we found that peptides with a YKDG sequence specifically bind to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the interaction between human SULT1E1 (hSULT1E1), which has a YKEG sequence (residues 61-64) unlike other human SULTs, and Ox-LDL.

Wound, pressure ulcer and burn guidelines - 1: Guidelines for wounds in general, second edition.

The Japanese Dermatological Association prepared the clinical guidelines for the "Wound, pressure ulcer and burn guidelines", second edition, focusing on treatments. Among them, "Guidelines for wounds in general" is intended to provide the knowledge necessary to heal wounds, without focusing on particular disorders. It informs the basic principles of wound treatment, before explanations are provided in individual chapters of the guidelines.

[Elucidation of New Function in Endothelial Cells for Efficient Delivery Strategy of Drug to Tissues].

The author has described two new functions of endothelial cells for efficient delivery of drugs to tissues. First, it was indicated that tight junction (TJ)-associated protein, claudin-1, exerts potent paracellular barrier function in cultured mouse lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMECs). This barrier was instantly and reversibly opened by reduction of TJ proteins expression via histamine H and H receptors.

Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Activity and Nitric Oxide Production During Multiple Ovalbumin Challenges.

Background And Objectives: Mast cell-mediated allergic diseases are a significant global health problem. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by acute type 1 allergies greatly suppresses hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism. A recent in vitro study demonstrated that repeated FcεRI-mediated activation intrinsically modulates mast cell function.