F-labeled PEGylated exendin-4 imaging noninvasively differentiates insulinoma from an accessory spleen: the first case report of [18F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 positron emission tomography/computed tomography for insulinoma.

Background: Insulinomas are the most common functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, and these tumors induce hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinemia. Hypoglycemia caused by insulinomas can cause seizures, coma or death due to the delayed diagnosis. The only curative treatment is surgical resection.

Noninvasive evaluation of donor and native pancreases following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation using positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

It is crucial to develop practical and noninvasive methods to assess the functional beta-cell mass in a donor pancreas, in which monitoring and precise evaluation is challenging. A patient with type 1 diabetes underwent noninvasive imaging following simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using an exendin-based probe, [ F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4. Following transplantation, PET imaging with [ F]FB(ePEG12)12-exendin-4 revealed simultaneous and distinct accumulations in the donor and native pancreases.

Inhibition of GPR120 signaling in intestine ameliorates insulin resistance and fatty liver under high-fat diet feeding.

G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 120 is expressed in enteroendocrine cells secreting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and cholecystokinin (CCK). Although GPR120 signaling in adipose tissue and macrophages has been reported to ameliorate obesity and insulin resistance in a high long-chain triglyceride (LCT) diet, intestine-specific roles of GPR120 are unclear. To clarify the metabolic effect of GPR120 in the intestine, we generated intestine-specific GPR120-knockout () mice.

Noninvasive quantitative evaluation of viable islet grafts using In-exendin-4 SPECT/CT.

Islet transplantation (IT) is an effective β-cell replacement therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes; however, the lack of methods to detect islet grafts and evaluate their β-cell mass (BCM) has limited the further optimization of IT protocols. Therefore, the development of noninvasive β-cell imaging is required. In this study, we investigated the utility of the Indium-labeled exendin-4 probe {[Lys12(111In-BnDTPA-Ahx)] exendin-4} ( In exendin-4) to evaluate islet graft BCM after intraportal IT.

Preservation effect of imeglimin on pancreatic β-cell mass: Noninvasive evaluation using In-exendin-4 SPECT/CT imaging and the perspective of mitochondrial involvements.

Progressive loss of β-cell mass (BCM) has a pernicious influence on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); evaluation of BCM has conventionally required an invasive method that provides only cross-sectional data. However, a noninvasive approach to longitudinal assessment of BCM in living subjects using an indium 111-labeled exendin-4 derivative ([Lys12(In-BnDTPA-Ahx)]exendin-4) (In-exendin-4) has been developed recently. Imeglimin is a novel antidiabetic agent that is reported to improve glycemic control and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) augmentation of mitochondrial function.

Noninvasive Evaluation of GIP Effects on β-Cell Mass Under High-Fat Diet.

Pancreatic β-cell mass (BCM) has an importance in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R)-targeted imaging has emerged as a promising tool for BCM evaluation. While glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is known to be involved in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, the effect of GIP on BCM is still controversial.

Medium-chain triglycerides inhibit long-chain triglyceride-induced GIP secretion through GPR120-dependent inhibition of CCK.

Long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) intake strongly stimulates GIP secretion from enteroendocrine K cells and induces obesity and insulin resistance partly due to GIP hypersecretion. In this study, we found that medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) inhibit GIP secretion after single LCT ingestion and clarified the mechanism underlying MCT-induced inhibition of GIP secretion. MCTs reduced the CCK effect after single LCT ingestion in wild-type (WT) mice, and a CCK agonist completely reversed MCT-induced inhibition of GIP secretion.

Voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease utility as a screening tool for unrecognized cognitive dysfunction of elderly patients in diabetes outpatient clinics: Multicenter retrospective exploratory study.

Aims/introduction: An efficient screening strategy for identification of cognitive dysfunction remains a clinical issue in the management of elderly adults with diabetes. A magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease (VSRAD) has been developed as an automated brain morphometry system that includes the hippocampus. We carried out a multicenter retrospective study to evaluate the utility of VSRAD for screening cognitive dysfunction in diabetes outpatient clinics.

Absence of GIP secretion alleviates age-related obesity and insulin resistance.

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin secreted from enteroendocine K cells after nutrient ingestion. Fat strongly induces GIP secretion, and GIP hypersecretion is involved in high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Aging also induces GIP hypersecretion, but its effect on body weight gain and insulin sensitivity remains unclear.