Synergy effect of sodium acetate and glycosidically bound volatiles on the release of volatile compounds from the unscented cut flower (Delphinium elatum L. "Blue Bird").

Many modern floricultural varieties have lost their scent during traditional breeding programs. The factors that result in the nonscent emission of some cut flowers remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the nonscent emission is due to one of the factors, the lack of suitable substrates (or precursors of scent compounds).

Neuronal damage in rat brain and spinal cord after cardiac arrest and massive hemorrhagic shock.

Objective: Severe global ischemia often results in severe damage to the central nervous system of survivors. Hind-limb paralysis is a common deficit caused by global ischemia. Until recently, most studies of global ischemia of the central nervous system have examined either the brain or spinal cord, but not both.

Orexin-1 receptor expression after global ischemia in mice.

Orexins are neuropeptides that have a range of physiological effects including the regulation of feeding behavior and the sleep-wakefulness cycle. Recently, we reported that level of orexin A in spinal fluid was decreased in the patients of some neurodegenerative diseases and it is considered that orexin A and the receptors might be related to central nervous system disorders. However, the expression and localization of orexin receptors is not elicited well.

Effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 (PACAP38) on tissue oxygen content--treatment in central nervous system of mice.

It has been reported that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) plays an important role in preventing neuronal cell death and is also a potent vasodilator. Cerebral hypotension and hypoperfusion during cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases are well known as some of the negative factors which aggravate neuronal cell death. Nevertheless, the effect of PACAP on the cerebral circulation was not understood well.