Introduction: Snakebite envenoming is a multidimensional issue that causes severe functional and life-challenging consequences among rural communities in tropical countries. Current research and treatments are largely focused on the acute effects of envenomation and short-term health outcomes. The knowledge of snakebite-induced long-term consequences is highly limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBungarus (krait) envenomings are well-known for their life-threatening neurotoxic effects. However, their impact on coagulation remains largely unexplored experimentally or clinically. This study, examined the effect of begins to examine venoms from four Bungarus species-B.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnvenomings from Russell's viper typically result in local tissue damage and bleeding complications, but the bites from common krait and cobra primarily cause neurotoxic effects. While most symptoms can be treated with appropriate antivenom, additional support is necessary for several snakebite victims to tackle a broad range of unusual complications that they develop following bites. Reversible vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), characterised by the constriction of cerebral arteries, is a rare but serious issue, presenting with severe headaches and, in extreme cases, haemorrhagic/ischaemic stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSnakebite envenoming and its resulting complications are serious threats to the health of vulnerable people living in rural areas of developing countries. The knowledge of the heterogeneity of symptoms associated with snakebite envenoming and their management strategies is vital to treat such life-threatening complications to save lives. Russell's viper envenomation induces a diverse range of clinical manifestations from commonly recognised haemotoxic and local effects to several rare conditions that are often not reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxins (Basel)
February 2024
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrobial peptides have been developed based on plant-derived molecular scaffolds for the treatment of infectious diseases. Chenopodin is an abundant seed storage protein in quinoa, an Andean plant with high nutritional and therapeutic properties. Here, we used computer- and physicochemical-based strategies and designed four peptides derived from the primary structure of Chenopodin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: India suffers ~58,000 annual deaths due to snakebites. The 'Big Four' snakes (Russell's viper, Indian cobra, common krait, and saw-scaled viper) that are responsible for most bites cause diverse clinical effects. Delayed treatment increases the risk of serious complications and treatment costs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite the considerable global impact of snakebite envenoming, available treatments remain suboptimal. Here, we report the discovery of a broadly-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody, using a phage display-based cross-panning strategy, capable of reducing the cytotoxic effects of venom phospholipase As from three different snake genera from different continents. This highlights the potential of utilizing monoclonal antibodies to develop more effective, safer, and globally accessible polyvalent antivenoms that can be widely used to treat snakebite envenoming.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe interactions between specific snake venom toxins and muscle constituents are the major cause of severe muscle damage that often result in amputations and subsequent socioeconomic ramifications for snakebite victims and/or their families. Therefore, improving our understanding of venom-induced muscle damage and determining the underlying mechanisms of muscle degeneration/regeneration following snakebites is critical to developing better strategies to tackle this issue. Here, we analysed intramuscular bleeding and thrombosis in muscle injuries induced by two different snake venom toxins (CAMP- metalloprotease (a PIII metalloprotease from the venom of this snake) and a three-finger toxin (CTX, a cardiotoxin from the venom of )).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSnakebite envenoming (SBE) is common in rural communities living in tropical regions that often have fragile and/or overwhelmed healthcare systems. The complex scenarios around SBE lead to a high number of deaths, disabilities, and long-term consequences in patients. Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) is one of the most medically important snake species in India, which causes devastating pathological conditions characterised by a wide range of clinical manifestations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnvenomation by the Indian ornamental tarantula () is medically relevant to humans, both in its native India and worldwide, where they are kept as pets. Muscle-related symptoms such as cramps and pain are commonly reported in humans following envenomation by this species. There is no specific treatment, including antivenom, for its envenomation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnvenomings by Russell's viper ( ), a species of high medical importance in India and other Asian countries, commonly result in hemorrhage, coagulopathies, necrosis, and acute kidney injury. Although bleeding complications are frequently reported following viper envenomings, thrombotic events occur rarely (reported only in coronary and carotid arteries) with serious consequences. For the first time, we report three serious cases of peripheral arterial thrombosis following Russell's viper bites and their diagnostic, clinical management, and mechanistic insights.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the continued growth of human populations, rural urbanisation and habitat degradation are on the rise, resulting in the displacement of native wildlife and an increase in human-wildlife conflicts. The presence of human habitation and waste often attracts rodents and thereby, snakes, leading to increased snake sightings in homes. To address this problem, snake handlers, who are volunteers that remove and relocate snakes away from human development areas, are called upon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSnakebite envenomation is regarded as a high-priority neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organisation, as it results in significant loss of lives and permanent disabilities. Russell's viper is one of the important venomous snakes that causes morbidities, mortalities and disabilities in India. The clinical presentation of Russell's viper envenomation is characterised by local envenoming effects including tissue damage, venom-induced coagulopathy, neurotoxicity, and kidney injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSnakebite envenomation (SBE) is a life-threatening medical emergency with a high mortality rate. Common secondary complications following SBE, such as wound infections, are significant due to their impact on worsening local tissue damage and causing systemic infection. Antivenoms are not effective to treat wound infections following SBE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfections caused by multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global threat to human health. As venoms are the source of biochemically diverse bioactive proteins and peptides, we investigated the antimicrobial activity and murine skin infection model-based wound healing efficacy of a 13 kDa protein. The active component PaTx-II was isolated from the venom of (Australian King Brown or Mulga Snake).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnnexin A1 (ANXA1) is an endogenous protein, which plays a central function in the modulation of inflammation. While the functions of ANXA1 and its exogenous peptidomimetics, -Acetyl 2-26 ANXA1-derived peptide (ANXA1), in the modulation of immunological responses of neutrophils and monocytes have been investigated in detail, their effects on the modulation of platelet reactivity, haemostasis, thrombosis, and platelet-mediated inflammation remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the deletion of in mice upregulates the expression of its receptor, formyl peptide receptor 2/3 (, orthologue of human FPR2/ALX).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSnakebite envenomation causes systemic and local manifestations, which result from the individual or synergistic actions of multiple venom components. The pathological hallmarks of medically important venomous snakes such as the Indian Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) are well known. Envenomation by Russell's viper is typically characterised by coagulopathies, muscular damage, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSnakebite envenoming (SBE) predominantly affects rural impoverished communities that have limited access to immediate healthcare. These communities often hold numerous myths/misbeliefs about snakes and SBE. Moreover, healthcare professionals who practice in rural regions often work in unstable situations with limited medical infrastructure and therefore, lack sufficient knowledge/experience and confidence in the clinical management of SBE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxins (Basel)
November 2022