Fine-needle aspiration cytology of breast lesions: a review of cytological analysis using smooth muscle actin (SMA) immunostaining.

We reviewed fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology cases for breast lesions in order to improve the reliability of cytological diagnoses. We analyzed the results of 1,019 FNA cytology cases of patients with breast lesions for five years in our hospital. One hundred and ninety-seven (19.

Expression of CD44 in primary lung carcinomas using histological and cytological analyses.

CD44 is a family of transmembrane glycoproteins expressed in hematopoietic and epithelial cells, and associated with diverse physiological functions such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. CD44 exists in a standard form, CD44s, and in multiple isoforms which are produced by alternative splicing of the variant exons (exon v1 to exon v10) encoding parts of the extracellular domain. Recently, CD44 was shown to play a role in the invasive and metastatic properties of tumor cells.

Decreased nm23 expression, but not Ki-67 labeling index, is significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis of breast invasive ductal carcinoma.

The nm23 gene was originally identified by differential hybridization of metastatic murine melanoma cell lines. Some experimental studies demonstrated a significantly reduced metastatic potential of melanoma cell lines transfected with the nm23 gene. In this study, we clarified the relationship between lymph node status and nm23 immunoreactivity, as well as Ki-67 labeling index (LI), of human breast cancer.