Vitamin D status and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis of dose-response .

We aimed to test the dose-response association of serum 25(OH)D and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed a systematic search of PubMed and Scopus from database inception up to September 2017. Longitudinal cohort studies reporting risk estimates of incident dementia or AD in the general population, and for three or more quantitative categories of serum 25(OH)D were included.

Nonlinear dose-response association between body mass index and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with hypertension: A meta-analysis.

Objective: The present study examined the dose-response association of body mass index (BMI) and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with existing hypertension.

Method: A systematic search was done using PubMed and Scopus, from their inception up to January 25, 2017. Prospective and retrospective cohort studies reporting risk estimates of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality for three or more quantitative categories of BMI were included.

Fish consumption and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.

Objective: There are some indications of regional differences in the association between fish consumption and clinical outcomes. We aimed to test the linear and potential non-linear dose-response relationships between fish consumption and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality, and possible confounding by region.

Design: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Dietary intake of fish, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of hip fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis on observational studies.

Previous studies have shown that fish consumption and dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are associated with hip fracture; however, findings were conflicting. The present review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the association of fish consumption and dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs with hip fracture. The online databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct and Embase were searched until August 2017 for related publications using relevant keywords.

Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on CD4 Cell Count in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Progressive decline in CD4 cell counts is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression. Loss of CD4 cells might contribute to gut microbiota alteration and bacterial translocation. Probiotics, by inducing epithelial healing, may promote the restoration of the intestinal CD4+ T-cell population.

Questionnaire-based Prevalence of Food Insecurity in Iran: A Review Article.

Background: Data on the questionnaire-based prevalence of food insecurity are needed to develop food and nutrition security studies and policies. The present study aimed to assess the questionnaire-based prevalence of food insecurity in Iran.

Methods: A systematic search of cross-sectional studies were conducted on databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Magiran, Iranmedex, SID and Medlib up to 29 Oct 2015.

Effect of whey protein supplementation on long and short term appetite: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Specific components of dairy, such as whey proteins may have beneficial effects on body composition by suppressing appetite, although the findings of existing studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to investigate effect of whey protein supplementation on long and short term appetite. A systematic search was conducted to identify eligible publications.

Branched-chain amino acid supplementation and exercise-induced muscle damage in exercise recovery: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Objective: Accumulating evidence suggests positive effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) on moderate muscle damage. However, findings vary substantially across studies. The aim of this review was to examine the effect of BCAAs on recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage.

Sodium status and the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been greatly increased, worldwide. In recent years, investigators have proposed that sodium might contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome; however, the published data were conflicting. The present systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence from observational studies in this regard.

Association between serum osteocalcin and body mass index: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Osteocalcin is considered as a bone-derived hormone affecting on the body fat distribution and body mass index. Several cross-sectional studies have investigated the association between serum osteocalcin and body mass index. The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence on the relationship between serum osteocalcin and body mass index.

Web-based physical activity interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: It was estimated that approximately 60% of the world's population is classified as inactive or insufficiently active. This meta-analysis investigated the effect of web-based interventions on different types of physical activity (PA) measurements in general population and potential moderating variables.

Study Design: PubMed, CINAHL, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO, Scopus, Ovid, and ScienceDirect literature searches were conducted to identify studies investigating the effect of web-based interventions on PA.

Body Mass Index and All-cause Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Dose-response Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

This article provides a dose-response meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause and disease-specific mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) by pooling together early stage, hemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis patients. We evaluated eligible studies that published between 1966 and December 2014 by searching in PubMed, Object View and Interaction Design (OVID), and the Scopus databases. We used random-effects generalized least squares spline models for trend estimation to derive pooled dose-response estimates.

Nutritional Status of Under Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Undernutrition is the outcome of insufficient food intake and recurrent infectious diseases. The baseline levels of undernutrition remain so high that Ethiopia still needs to continue substantial investment in nutrition.Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain estimates of over-time trends in the prevalence of undernutrition in Ethiopia and to determine risk factors for undernutrition among children of under five years of age.

A posteriori healthy dietary patterns may decrease the risk of central obesity: findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Central obesity is a pivotal component of metabolic syndrome, and several studies have investigated the association of dietary patterns and central obesity. However, findings of studies are inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to conduct the present study to summarize the available data regarding the association of a posteriori dietary patterns and central obesity in adults to test the hypothesis of whether a highly healthy dietary pattern is associated with decreased risk of central obesity.

The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Related Factors among Adults in Palestine: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS)is increasingly becoming a challenging public health issue in Palestine. The current burden of MetS in the country is unknown. There has been limited research on the prevalence of MetS.

Vitamin D status and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Context: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in patients with chronic kidney disease. Less attention has been paid to measurement and correction of serum level of 25(OH)D in these patients.

Objective: We examined the association between different levels of serum 25(OH)D and risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Common Variants of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Aims: ApaI, FokI, TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been reported to be associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), although the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore whether these polymorphisms play a role in the genetic susceptibility to CAD.

Methods: A comprehensive search of Medline and Embase databases was conducted for studies evaluating the association between the VDR polymorphisms and CAD risk.

Consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink increased leptin and ghrelin levels but reduced leptin to ghrelin ratio in type 2 diabetes patients: a single blind randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of daily consumption of vitamin D-fortified yogurt drink (doogh) in comparison with plain doogh on appetite-regulating hormones including leptin and ghrelin in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients.

Methods: In a single blind randomized clinical trial, subjects with T2D were randomly allocated to one of the two groups and received either vitamin D3-fortified doogh (FD; containing 170 mg calcium and 500 IU/250 mL, n  = 50) or plain doogh (PD; containing 170 mg calcium and no vitamin D/250 mL, n  = 50) twice a day for 12 weeks. Leptin and ghrelin were evaluated at the beginning and after 12 weeks of intervention.

Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, Metabolic Syndrome, and Type 2 Diabetes in Iranian Subjects: No Association with Observed SNPs.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and the presence of single nucleotide polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene in Iranian subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Overall, 730 Iranian subjects (372 patients and 358 controls) were enrolled in this case-control study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene (FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) were genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Association between sleep duration and osteoporosis risk in middle-aged and elderly women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Objective: Increasing evidence has suggested an association between sleep duration and osteoporosis risk, although the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of the literature and quantitative estimates of the association between sleep duration and risk of osteoporosis in population-based studies of middle aged and elderly women.

Methods: Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases up to February 2016.

Oxcarbazepine administration and the serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate in epileptic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objectives were to determine the influence of oxcarbazepine (OXC) monotherapy on the serum levels of total homocysteine (tHcy), vitamin B12 and folate in patient with epilepsy pooling together case-control or interventional studies. A comprehensive literature search was done through four databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science from January 2000 to February 2016. A random effects model (the DerSimonian-Laird estimator) was utilized to pool the effect sizes of the individual studies.

Development, validity, and reliability of a food frequency questionnaire for antioxidants in elderly Iranian people.

Background: The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), as a way to assess the dietary intake in comparison with other methods, is easier to analyze and takes less time and is less costly. Our aim in this study was to develop and validate an FFQ for estimating the intakes of selected antioxidants in elderly Iranian people.

Materials And Methods: A total of 185 elderly people were randomly selected.

Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Several studies have shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may improve insulin resistance in various diseases. However, the possible effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on insulin resistance in PCOS still remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on insulin resistance in women with PCOS in a meta-analysis.

C667T and A1298C polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and susceptibility to myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), although the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore whether these polymorphisms play a role in the genetic susceptibility to MI. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was conducted for studies evaluating the association between the C667T and A1298C polymorphisms and MI risk.