Investigating the Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers' Empowerment and their Self-Efficacy as a Consequence for their Educational Improvement.

Introduction: Teacher empowerment is thought to improve student learning by fostering teaching quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study is investigating the relationship between empowerment and self-efficacy of Iranian English as Foreign Language teachers.

Materials And Methods: The present study is an experimental study; the population of the study includes all the English language teachers of the universities of Ilam, Iran.

Relationship between aggression and individual resilience with the mediating role of spirituality in academic students - A path analysis.

Background: The importance of spirituality and spiritual growth in humans has been increasingly taken to attention by psychologists and mental health professionals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between the tendency to aggression and individual resilience also considering the role of mediator of spirituality in academic students by path analysis.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using structural equation method (SEM).