Guided versus unguided chatbot-delivered cognitive behavioral intervention for individuals with moderate-risk and problem gambling: A randomized controlled trial (GAMBOT2 study).

Background: Internet-based interventions can be a promising option for individuals with problem gambling facing barriers to seeking help. This study aimed to directly compare the effects of therapist-guided Internet interventions with unguided ones on gambling-related behavior, cognition, and stage of change including help-seeking intention.

Methods: We conducted a participant-blinded randomized controlled trial of therapist-guided versus unguided groups with a 12-week follow-up.

Anxiety measurements in university students undergoing third molar extraction.

Objective: This investigation was conducted to quantitate the anxiety associated with third molar extraction in university students, and to compare the measured anxiety before and after extraction and between men and women, first and second extraction, and impacted versus nonimpacted tooth extraction.

Study Design: The Japanese version of The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), a psychological test, was given to 108 students undergoing third molar extraction. The students completed the test on the first examination (day 1), immediately before the extraction (day 2), and the day after the extraction (day 3).