Antibody titer trends after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients aged 12-25 years with underlying diseases.

Background: Whereas declines in antibody titers after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have been reported, most reports are predominantly from adults. Long-term trends in SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers after the first BNT162b2 vaccination series in children and young adults with underlying diseases remain less studied.

Methods: This prospective single-center observational cohort study enrolled patients aged 12-25 years with underlying diseases who received the first BNT162b2 vaccination series.

Safety and antibody response of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children aged 5-11 years with underlying diseases: A prospective observational study.

Background: Data on the safety and antibody response of the BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine in children aged 5-11 years with underlying diseases are limited. Thus, our study aimed to address this gap.

Methods: This prospective observational study investigated the antibody titers for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (S-IgG) and nucleocapsid protein (N-IgG) in patients aged 5-11 years with chronic underlying diseases following two doses of BNT162b2.

Safety of and antibody response to the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in adolescents and young adults with underlying disease.

Background: Data are limited regarding the safety of and antibody response to the BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine in adolescents and young adults with underlying disease.

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled patients age 12-25 years with chronic underlying disease who received 2 doses of BNT162b2. A 18-item questionnaire was used to assess adverse events within 7 days post-vaccination, and data regarding severe adverse events were collected from electronic medical records.

The Digestive Tract and Derived Primordia Differentiate by Following a Precise Timeline in Human Embryos Between Carnegie Stages 11 and 13.

The precise mechanisms through which the digestive tract develops during the somite stage remain undefined. In this study, we examined the morphology and precise timeline of differentiation of digestive tract-derived primordia in human somite-stage embryos. We selected 37 human embryos at Carnegie Stage (CS) 11-CS13 (28-33 days after fertilization) and three-dimensionally analyzed the morphology and positioning of the digestive tract and derived primordia in all samples, using images reconstructed from histological serial sections.

Morphogenesis of the spleen during the human embryonic period.

We aimed to observe morphological changes in the spleen from the emergence of the primordium to the end of the embryonic period using histological serial sections of 228 samples. Between Carnegie stages (CSs) 14 and 17, the spleen was usually recognized as a bulge in the dorsal mesogastrium (DM), and after CS 20, the spleen became apparent. Intrasplenic folds were observed later.