Genomic landscape of circulating tumour DNA in metastatic extramammary Paget's disease.

Although cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing (CAPP-Seq) of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has gained attention, the clinical utility of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) has not been investigated. In this study, genomic alterations in the cfDNA and tumour tissue DNA were investigated in seven patients with metastatic EMPD. CAPP-Seq revealed mutations in 18 genes, 11 of which have not yet been reported in EMPD.

Overexpression of Janus kinase 2 protein in extramammary Paget's disease.

Extramammary Paget's disease is a rare malignant tumor of the skin that occurs primarily in the genitocrural region. Although the prognosis of extramammary Paget's disease with distant metastasis is poor, an effective therapy has not been established. Because Janus kinase 2 has attracted attention as a therapeutic target in several cancers, we investigated the expression of the Janus kinase 2 protein and the relationship between its level of expression and clinical significance in 53 patients with extramammary Paget's disease in our hospital.

Existence of Staphylococcus aureus correlates with the progression of extramammary Paget's disease: potential involvement of interleukin-17 and M2-like macrophage polarization.

Background: The microbiome plays an important role in the tumour microenvironment (TME).

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of the microbiota in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD).

Materials & Methods: Patients with EMPD, treated between March 2007 and September 2019 at Kumamoto University Hospital, were investigated retrospectively.

Circulating tumor necrosis factor-α DNA are elevated in psoriasis.

In psoriasis, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates keratinocytes to produce other inflammatory mediators. In addition, increased serum or plasma TNF-α levels are considered to be biomarkers of psoriasis. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) originates from apoptotic or necrotic cells and reflects the severity of cellular damage.

Overexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 protein in extramammary Paget's disease.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) plays an important role in cell cycle progression, and the CDK4/6-cyclin D1 complex controls the cell cycle transition from G phase to S phase. CDK4 is enhanced in several types of cancers and CDK4/6 inhibitors attenuate the proliferation of several types of cancer in vitro/in vivo. The purpose of our study was to investigate the expression pattern of CDK4 and evaluate its clinical importance in extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD).