Bactericidal Efficacy of So-Called Sanitizers in Japan.

Commercially available so-called sanitizers in Japan are often touted as having remarkable "sanitizing (jokin)" effect, "virus-removal" capabilities, and "99.99%" removal rate of microbes and pathogens. In this study, we investigated the bactericidal efficacy of these so-called sanitizers for environmental surfaces against Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Lysophospholipase D from Thermocrispum limits psoriatic inflammation by hydrolyzing epidermal lysoplasmalogen produced by group IIF secreted phospholipase A.

Epidermal lipids play important roles in skin homeostasis and diseases. Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation and Th17 immune responses. We previously reported that ethanolamine-type lysoplasmalogen (P-LPE), preferentially produced by group IIF secreted PLA (sPLA-IIF/PLA2G2F) that is expressed in the suprabasal epidermis, promotes epidermal hyperplasia in psoriatic inflammation.

The Roles of sPLAs in Skin Homeostasis and Disease.

Among the phospholipase A (PLA) family, the secreted PLA (sPLA) family in mammals contains 11 members that exhibit unique tissue or cellular distributions and enzymatic properties. Current studies using knockout and/or transgenic mice for a nearly full set of sPLAs, in combination with comprehensive lipidomics, have revealed the diverse pathophysiological roles of sPLAs in various biological events. Individual sPLAs exert specific functions within tissue microenvironments, likely through the hydrolysis of extracellular phospholipids.

Degradation of sulfamonomethoxine in solution using pulsed plasma discharge - identification of by-products and toxicity of treated solution to green algae.

This study investigated the degradation of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) by pulsed plasma discharge. SMM was successfully degraded following the first-order kinetics model. The percentage removal of SMM was estimated by the total input energy of plasma discharge, which was dependent on the initial SMM concentration.

Rats learn to prefer the late-consumed flavor over the early-consumed flavor in a multi-flavored meal paired with oral glucose and corn oil.

Conditioned flavor preference (CFP) is established by association: where a neutral flavor (conditioned stimulus, CS) is paired with orosensory and post-ingestive components of nutrients, including sugar and fat (unconditioned stimulus, US). A previous study reported that rats can learn to prefer flavors that they consumed earlier and later in a multi-flavored solution paired with an intragastric infusion of glucose, but they expressed only a preference for a late-consumed flavor when they were tested after feeding (Myers and Whitney, 2011). This paradigm can be a suitable rodent model to explain how humans acquire a selective preference for routinely late-served "dessert" foods and why these foods remain attractive even in the absence of hunger.

The inhibitory effects of MIF on accumulation of canine degenerative myelopathy-associated mutant SOD1 aggregation.

Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which is commonly associated with c.118G > A (p. E40K) missense mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene.

Effect of age, sex, and breed on serum cystatin C and creatinine concentrations in dogs.

This study investigated the effects of age, sex and breed on serum cystatin C (Cys-C) and creatinine in small breed dogs. This retrospective study included 250 dogs weighing less than 15 kg without azotemia. Serum Cys-C and creatinine concentrations were analyzed, along with their correlation with age, and the difference between sexes or dog breeds.

Long-term management of high-grade atrioventricular block using cilostazol in a cat.

Case Summary: A 12-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair cat was admitted for syncope. Clinical signs and electrocardiography revealed high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block. Treatment with cilostazol ameliorated the clinical signs and arrhythmia.

γ-Tocopherol Is Metabolized Faster than α-Tocopherol in Young Japanese Women.

To elucidate the characteristics of γ-tocopherol metabolism, serum concentrations of α- and γ-tocopherol, and urinary excretion of their metabolites after ingestion of α- or γ-tocopherol, major isoforms in our diet, were compared. Six healthy Japanese women (age 22.7±1.

α-Tocopherol Intake Decreases Phylloquinone Concentration in Bone but Does Not Affect Bone Metabolism in Rats.

Previous studies have shown that α-tocopherol intake lowers phylloquinone (PK) concentration in some extrahepatic tissues in rats. The study's aim was to clarify the effect of α-tocopherol intake on vitamin K concentration in bone, as well as the physiological action of vitamin K. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups.

Production of L-allose and D-talose from L-psicose and D-tagatose by L-ribose isomerase.

L-ribose isomerase (L-RI) from Cellulomonas parahominis MB426 can convert L-psicose and D-tagatose to L-allose and D-talose, respectively. Partially purified recombinant L-RI from Escherichia coli JM109 was immobilized on DIAION HPA25L resin and then utilized to produce L-allose and D-talose. Conversion reaction was performed with the reaction mixture containing 10% L-psicose or D-tagatose and immobilized L-RI at 40 °C.

Excess α-tocopherol decreases extrahepatic phylloquinone in phylloquinone-fed rats but not menaquinone-4 in menaquinone-4-fed rats.

Scope: The effects of vitamin E on vitamin K metabolism were elucidated by comparing the effect of tocopherol intake on vitamin K concentrations in rats fed phylloquinone (PK) or menaquinone (MK)-4.

Methods And Results: Initially, the dietary effect of RRR-α-tocopherol, but not RRR-γ-tocopherol, in decreasing extrahepatic PK concentrations was confirmed. Subsequently, rats were fed a PK or MK-4-containing diet (0.

Dietary sesame seed and its lignan, sesamin, increase tocopherol and phylloquinone concentrations in male rats.

We have shown that intake of sesame seed and its lignan increases vitamin E concentrations and decreases urinary excretion levels of vitamin E metabolites in male Wistar rats, suggesting inhibition of vitamin E catabolism by sesame lignan. The aim of this study was to examine whether dietary sesame seed also increased vitamin K concentrations, because its metabolic pathway is similar to that of vitamin E. To test the effect of sesame lignan on vitamin K concentrations, male Wistar rats were fed a control diet or a diet with 0.

α-Tocopherol does not accelerate depletion of γ-tocopherol and tocotrienol or excretion of their metabolites in rats.

From an enzyme kinetic study using rat liver microsomes, α-tocopherol has been suggested to accelerate the other vitamin E catabolism by stimulating vitamin E ω-hydroxylation, the late limiting reaction of the vitamin E catabolic pathway. To test the effect of α-tocopherol on catabolism of the other vitamin E isoforms in vivo, we determined whether α-tocopherol accelerates depletion of γ-tocopherol and tocotrienol and excretion of their metabolites in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a γ-tocopherol-rich diet for 6 weeks followed by a γ-tocopherol-free diet with or without α-tocopherol for 7 days.

The bioconversion of 5-deoxystrigol to sorgomol by the sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

Strigolactones, important rhizosphere signalling molecules and a class of phytohormones that control shoot architecture, are apocarotenoids of plant origin. They have a structural core consisting of a tricyclic lactone connected to a butyrolactone group via an enol ether bridge. Deuterium-labelled 5-deoxystrigol stereoisomers were administered to aquacultures of a high sorgomol-producing sorghum cultivar, Sorghum bicolor (L.

Structural requirements of strigolactones for germination induction and inhibition of Striga gesnerioides seeds.

Structure-activity relationship studies of strigolactones and Striga gesnerioides seed germination revealed strict structural requirements for germination induction and a new function of the plant hormones as germination inhibitors. Stereoisomers of the naturally occurring strigolactones, strigol, sorgolactone, orobanchol, sorgomol and 5-deoxystrigol, 36 in total, were prepared and screened for the ability to induce and/or inhibit the germination of Striga hermonthica and Striga gesnerioides seeds collected from mature plants that parasitized on sorghum and cowpea, respectively. All of the compounds induced S.

Tissue distribution of vitamin E metabolites in rats after oral administration of tocopherol or tocotrienol.

We previously found that 2,7,8-trimethyl-2(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (γCEHC), a metabolite of the vitamin E isoforms γ-tocopherol or γ-tocotrienol, accumulated in the rat small intestine. The aim of this study was to evaluate tissue distribution of vitamin E metabolites. A single dose of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol or a tocotrienol mixture containing α- and γ-tocotrienol was orally administered to rats.

Tissue distribution of α- and γ-tocotrienol and γ-tocopherol in rats and interference with their accumulation by α-tocopherol.

The aim of this study was to evaluate tissue distribution of vitamin E isoforms such as α- and γ-tocotrienol and γ-tocopherol and interference with their tissue accumulation by α-tocopherol. Rats were fed a diet containing a tocotrienol mixture or γ-tocopherol with or without α-tocopherol, or were administered by gavage an emulsion containing tocotrienol mixture or γ-tocopherol with or without α-tocopherol. There were high levels of α-tocotrienol in the adipose tissue and adrenal gland, γ-tocotrienol in the adipose tissue, and γ-tocopherol in the adrenal gland of rats fed tocotrienol mixture or γ-tocopherol for 7 weeks.

Ent-2'-epi-Orobanchol and its acetate, as germination stimulants for Striga gesnerioides seeds isolated from cowpea and red clover.

Striga gesnerioides is a root parasitic weed of economic significance to cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) crops in Western Africa. Seeds of the parasite germinate in response to cowpea root exudates. Germination stimulants for the seeds were isolated from the hydroponic culture filtrate of cowpea, and their structures were unambiguously determined as (-)-(3aR,4R,8bR,2'R)-ent-2'-epi-orobanchol and (+)-(3aR,4R,8bR,2'R)-ent-2'-epi-orobanchyl acetate, on the basis of mass, CD, and (1)H NMR spectra; optical rotatory power; and chromatographic behavior on HPLC.

Structural requirements of strigolactones for germination induction of Striga gesnerioides seeds.

Strigolactones are highly potent germination stimulants for seeds of the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche spp. 4-Hydroxy-GR24 and 4-acetoxy-GR24 were prepared and their abilities to induce seed germination of Striga gesnerioides evaluated. Optically active (8bR,2'R)-isomers induced germination, although the racemic diastereomers were inactive.