Genomic characterization of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from diseased dogs and cats: Report from Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring.

This study investigates the genomic characteristics of canine and feline cefotaxime (CTX, a third-generation cephalosporin)-resistant Escherichia coli using the JVARM, Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, a nationwide monitoring. In this study, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 51 canine and 45 feline CTX-resistant E. coli isolates, with certain isolates subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with S1 nuclease for plasmid-chromosome separation.

Characteristics of chest high-resolution computed tomography in patients with anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibody-positive interstitial lung disease.

Background And Aim: Anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) antibodies form a condition called Antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD). While interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a particularly frequent manifestation of ASSD and is closely associated with morbidity and mortality, few studies have been conducted on its characteristics on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). In this study, we clarified the HRCT findings in patients with anti-ARS antibody-positive ILD (ARS-ILD).

Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Isolated from Pigs in Japan.

We investigated the prevalence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant (LA-MRSA) in pig slaughterhouses from 2018 to 2022 in Japan and the isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics by whole-genome analysis. Although the positive LA-MRSA rates on farms (29.6%) and samples (9.

A case of successful treatment with eltrombopag for severe immune-related thrombocytopenia induced by atezolizumab:Case report.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown impressive anti-tumor effects against multiple types of malignancies. Among the wide variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), immune-related thrombocytopenia (ITP) is relatively rare but often clinically significant and life-threatening. However, the appropriate treatment for severe ITP has not been determined.

Transcription Factor JunB Suppresses Hepatitis C Virus Replication.

We previously reported that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection activates the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Activation of JNK contributes to the development of liver diseases, including metabolic disorders, steatosis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. JNK is known to have numerous target genes, including JunB, a member of activator protein-1 transcription factor family.

Independent lung ventilation for the management of acute allograft rejection after single-lung transplantation for end-stage emphysema.

Background : We herein report the use of independent lung ventilation (ILV) for managing acute allograft rejection after single-lung transplantation (SLT) for end-stage emphysema. Case presentation : A 54-year-old woman was transferred to our hospital with severe hypoxemia and respiratory distress due to unilateral lung disease with diffuse alveolar damage in the right donor lung associated with acute allograft rejection and with hyperinflation of the left native lung due to emphysema. She was unresponsive to immunosuppressive medications and conventional ventilation strategies, so different ventilator settings for each lung were required.

Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigs in Japan.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the leading cause of infection in hospitalized patients and can be prevalent in humans and various animal species. In European countries, MRSA isolates belonging to clonal complex 398 have been detected at high rates in pigs. However, the prevalence of MRSA in pigs and farm environments in Japan remains unclear.

Comparison of single trough-based area under the concentration-time curve versus trough concentration for the incidence of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity.

Introduction: While the revised 2020 consensus guideline recommends the use of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)-guided vancomycin monitoring, collecting multiple vancomycin serum samples to calculate the AUC may cause clinical complications. The aim of the present retrospective study was to evaluate whether AUC-guided vancomycin monitoring, in which AUC was calculated based on a single trough concentration, is a better predictor of nephrotoxicity than trough-guided monitoring in patients receiving vancomycin therapy.

Methods: A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted at the 614-bed Gifu University Hospital in Japan.

Comparison of breakthrough Gram-positive cocci infection during vancomycin vs teicoplanin therapy in patients receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

What Is Known And Objective: Our previous report indicated that teicoplanin (TEIC) caused fewer adverse effects than vancomycin (VCM) in patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, we observed breakthrough methicillin-resistant-Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MR-S haemolyticus) infection during TEIC therapy in these patients. In this study, we sought to compare the incidence of breakthrough Gram-positive cocci (GPC) infection during VCM and TEIC therapy in this population.

Comparative efficacy and safety of vancomycin versus teicoplanin in febrile neutropenic patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

What Is Known And Objective: Patients who receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are usually administered a calcineurin inhibitor. Because vancomycin is associated with an increased incidence of nephrotoxicity, neutropenic patients receiving HSCT are considered a high-risk population for nephrotoxicity with vancomycin. We retrospectively compared the efficacy and safety of vancomycin and teicoplanin in febrile neutropenic patients receiving HSCT.

Enhancement of fear learning in PPARα knockout mice.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and regulates fatty acid oxidation. Although PPARα is expressed not only in the peripheral tissues but also in the brain, its role in higher brain function is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of PPARα in the control of behavior, including memory/learning and mood change, using PPARα knockout (KO) mice.

Mast cell involvement in glucose tolerance impairment caused by chronic mild stress with sleep disturbance.

We have developed a chronic mild stress (MS) mouse model by simply rearing mice on a wire net for 3 weeks and investigated the effects of MS on glucose homeostasis and sleep. MS mice showed impaired glucose tolerance and disturbed sleep. One-week treatment with a histamine H1 receptor antagonist (H1RA) ameliorated the glucose intolerance and improved sleep quality in MS mice.

Reduction of medication errors related to sliding scale insulin by the introduction of a standardized order sheet.

Insulin is frequently used for glycemic control. Medication errors related to insulin are a common problem for medical institutions. Here, we prepared a standardized sliding scale insulin (SSI) order sheet and assessed the effect of its introduction.

Maternal dietary restriction alters offspring's sleep homeostasis.

Nutritional state in the gestation period influences fetal growth and development. We hypothesized that undernutrition during gestation would affect offspring sleep architecture and/or homeostasis. Pregnant female mice were assigned to either control (fed ad libitum; AD) or 50% dietary restriction (DR) groups from gestation day 12 to parturition.