Investigation of stratum corneum cell morphology and content using novel machine-learning image analysis.

Background: The morphology and content of stratum corneum (SC) cells provide information on the physiological condition of the skin. Although the morphological and biochemical properties of the SC are known, no method is available to fully access and interpret this information. This study aimed to develop a method to comprehensively decode the physiological information of the skin, based on the SC.

Stepwise phosphorylation of BLT1 defines complex assemblies with β-arrestin serving distinct functions.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) utilize complex cellular systems to respond to diverse ligand concentrations. By taking BLT1, a GPCR for leukotriene B (LTB ), as a model, our previous work elucidated that this system functions through the modulation of phosphorylation status on two specific residues: Thr and Ser . Ser phosphorylation occurs at a lower LTB concentration than Thr , leading to a shift in ligand affinity from a high-to-low state.