Relationship between parameters of myocardial electrical remodeling and parameters of contractile function, deformation and myocardium work in patients with chronic heart failure with low left ventricular ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation.

Aim    To compare electrocardiographic parameters and characteristics of myocardial contractility by echocardiography data in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with low left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) and atrial fibrillation (AF).Material and methods    The study included 66 patients with CHF and LV EF ≤40%. Electrocardiography was used to assess the QRS complex duration, QRS fragmentation, frontal QRS-T angle (fQRS-Ta), and 3D vectorcardiographic parameters, including the planarity of QRS loop, and the spatial QRS-T angle (sQRS-Ta).

[On the history of vectorcardiography: past, present, future].

The vector concept in the analysis of the electrical signals of the heart began to be used at the dawn of the development of electrocardiology. For several decades, vectorcardiography has developed in parallel with electrocardiography; reached its peak in the 60s, and after a period of cooling experienced a resurgence since the early 90s, when it became possible to mathematically synthesize vectorcardiograms (VCG) from digital electrocardiograms in 12 leads. VCG reflects the same phenomena as electrocardiography, but allows you to calculate and visualize a number of three-dimensional characteristics of the electrical signals of the heart.

[Features of vectorcardiograms in patients with hypertension complicated by chronic heart failure with reduced left ventricle ejection fraction].

Aim: To explore the features of vectorcardiograms (VCG) of patients with essential hypertension complicated by chronic heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (CHFrLVEF).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed VCGs of 70 hypertensive patients with CHFrLVEF and 275 hypertensive patients without clinical signs of CHF and with LVEF50%. We assessed the presence of rhythm and conduction disturbances, and the parameters of the synthesized VCG, i.

[Factors associated with an increase in spatial and frontal QRS-T angles in patients with anterior myocardial infarction].

Aim    To determine existence of a relationship between any clinical, echocardiographic and coronarographic factors and increased spatial QRS-T (sQRS-T) angle and frontal QRS-T (fQRS-T) angle in patients with anterior myocardial infarction.Material and methods    This study included 137 patients aged 62 [53; 72] years with anterior acute myocardial infarction managed at the A.L.

The value of the spatial QRS-T angle for assessing the severity of heart damage in patients with arterial hypertension.

Aim      To study the relationship between clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory indexes with increased QRS-T spatial angle (sQRS-T) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH).Material and methods  The study included 160 patients with AH, 61 (38 %) men and 99 (62 %) women aged 58 [49; 67] years. Patients with ischemic heart disease or His bundle blocks were not included.

[Factors Associated with the Increase in Spatial and Frontal QRS-T Angles in Patients with Inferior Myocardial Infarction].

Aim      To identify clinical, echocardiographic, and angiographic factors related with an increase in the frontal QRS-T angle (fQRS-T) and the spatial QRS-T angle (sQRS-T) in patients with inferior myocardial infarction.Material and methods  The study included 128 patients aged (median [25th percentile; 75th percentile]) 59.5 [51.

[Diagnostic and prognostic significance of QRS-T angle].

The angle between theQRSandTvectors reflects the consistency or inconsistency of the processes of de- and repolarization of the ventricles of the heart and is considered one of the indicators of global electrical heterogeneity of myocardium. In recent years, the prognostic value of theQRS-Tangle has been demonstrated in relation to total and cardiovascular mortality, both in the population and in various groups of patients. The mechanisms of this phenomenon are not completely clear.

Comparison of the integral indices of the vectorcardiogram with the data of echocardiography in patients with idiopathic and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Aim: The aim of the work is to compare vectorcardiographic (VCG) variables - spatial QRS-T angle and electrocardiographic ventricular gradient (VG) with echocardiography (EchoCG) data in patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).

Materials And Methods: In 40 patients with IPH and 40 patients with CTEPH at the age of 45±12 years, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP); the sizes of heart chambers, parameters of RV systolic and diastolic function were evaluated with EchoCG. The QRS-T and VG angles were calculated on the VCG, derived from 12-lead digital ECG.

[A case of primary diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus at the age of 75 years].

The paper describes a case of primary diagnosis of functioning patent ductus arteriosus in a 75-year-old female patient.

[Changes in orthogonal ECG in hypertensive patients taking different antihypertensive therapy].

Aim: To ascertain changes in orthogonal ECG in hypertensive patients taking different antihypertensive treatment.

Material And Methods: Orthogonal ECG parameters and those of 24-h blood pressure monitoring (BPM) were examined before and after antihypertensive treatment with different drugs in 95 hypertensive patients aged 47 +/- 1 years. Of them, 14 patients received trandolapril+verapamil SR for 2 months, 13 patients--candesartan for 3 months, 25 patients--ramipril for 5 months, 26 patients--carvedilol for 4 months, 10 patients--atenolol for 8 months, 7 patients--doxasozine for 5 months.

[Secondary repolarization changes in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy].

Aim: To estimate the detection rate of tension syndrome and nonspecific repolarization changes in patients with arterial hypertension (AH).

Subjects And Methods: The electrocardiograms of 234 patients with AH (104 males and 130 females) were analyzed, by taking into account the magnitude of blood pressure (BP) elevation, the degree of an overall cardiovascular risk, the grade of hypertensive disease (HD), the presence of coronary heart disease (CHD), as well as echocardiographic and electrocardiographic voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).

Results: The classical tension syndrome and nonspecific repolarization changes were observed in 7 and 26% of cases, respectively; no significant differences were found in their detection rates between the males and females.

[Quantitative repolarization indices in diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients].

Aim: To determine informative value of quantitative parameters of orthogonal ECG repolarization phase in diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in hypertensive patients.

Material And Methods: A total of 210 healthy subjects and 241 hypertensive patients with LVH (LV myocardium mass index > 125 g/m2 in males and > 110 g/m2 in women) comprised two groups--control and test. The study was made of quantitative parameters (components X, Y, Z, modules and angles of azimuth and elevation) of wave T integral vector, wave T maximal vector, ST vector, ventricular gradient; spatial and projection areas of wave T, the angle between integral vectors of spatial waves QRS and T (phi angle).

Electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy on the basis of dipole electrocardiotopography method.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to verify a new criterion of hypertension-related left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on the basis of the dipole electrocardiotopographic technique, which provides intelligible pictorial patterns and efficient quantitative parameters for recognition of pathologic states of the heart.

Methods: Standard 12-lead and vectorcardiographic measurements with the McFee-Parungao lead system were carried out for 289 echocardiographically accessed healthy subjects and hypertensive patients with LVH. The proposed parameter index of left ventricular hypertrophy for recognition of LVH is a product of the following 3 characteristics: maximum magnitude of depolarization vector, total duration of ventricular depolarization, and local spatial integral of activation duration.

[Changes in parameters of orthogonal ECG in hypertensive patients given combined antihypertensive treatment].

Aim: To evaluate changes in parameters of orthogonal ECG in hypertensive patients on trandolapril+verapamil combination.

Material And Methods: Eighteen patients before and after 8-week therapy were examined using orthogonal ECG and 24-h monitoring of blood pressure. Computer processing of orthogonal ECG was made with calculation of some vectorcardiography (VCG) and d mapping parameters.

New approaches to the diagnosis of left and right ventricular hypertrophy by means of dipolar electrocardiotopography.

Objective: The aim of this work was to describe a new approach to noninvasive differential diagnosis of left and right ventricular hypertrophies (LVH and RVH) caused by the arterial or lung hypertensions.

Methods: The vectorcardiographic measurements were analyzed by means of dipolar electrocardiotopography (DECARTO) technique based upon a simplified spherical model of the heart. The characteristics of LVH and RVH are obtained from the decartograms of activation duration.

[Informative value of orthogonal electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of the left ventricular hypertrophy].

Aim: To estimate the informative value of orthogonal ECG parameters for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).

Materials And Methods: The study comprised 142 apparently healthy individuals and 125 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and LVH (left ventricular mass index more than 125 g/m2 for males and more than 110 g/m2 for females). Characteristic curves (ROC curves) were used to describe and compare the informative value of vectorcardiographic, demapping criteria for L VH with the informavalue of the Sokolov-Lyons criterion, the Cornelian index, and the Cornelian product.

[New approaches to diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy by dipolar electrocardiography].

Aim: To show possibilities of dipolar electrocardiography (DECG) in diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).

Material And Methods: We made DECG in 151 healthy subjects and 158 hypertensive patients. To characterize DECG quantitatively, we used the integral activation duration index (IADI) calculated as a weighted sum of the areas with different duration of activation, module of the maximal vector QRS, QRSxIADI (IADIM).

[Electrocardiographic picture in patients with congenital defect of atrial septum operated upon in adult age].

Electrocardiograms from 30 patients with congenital atrial septal defect operated upon in adult age were analyzed. One of frequent variants of QRS configuration in standard leads was SIqIII type. It was observed in 50% of patients.

Changes of decartograms under gravitational acceleration and microgravity.

The Decarto technique was used to study the orthogonal ECGs recorded in 23 subjects during parabolic flights (44 records). A parameter of the instantaneous decartograms, namely the activation area (AA), which is the total area of the depolarization front projection on the image sphere, was analyzed. We compared the values of AA during the periods of horizontal flight, upward parts of all parabolas, and the initial 10 s of microgravity of all parabolas.

Decarto technique in long-term observation of patients treated for primary pulmonary hypertension.

Techniques for noninvasive observation of heart states play an important part in experimental and therapeutic cardiology. The objective of this work is to describe a new method for intelligible pictorial representation of data acquired by an orthogonal electrocardiographic lead system and demonstration of possibilities of this method in estimating the results of longterm treatment for a cardiac disease. The method used, dipole electrocardiotopography (DECARTO), provides a set of maps (decartograms) that depict in an explicit form the instantaneous, as well as integral electrophysiological properties of the heart during the excitation cycle.

Two-year dynamics of vectorcardiography parameters in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension.

VCG data (McFee--Parungao system) were obtained from 12 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). During 2 years, VCG investigations were repeated from 2 to 5 times. Various VCG-parameters were analyzed.

[The diagnostically significant indices of the corrected axial ECG system in the differentiation of ischemic heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy].

The common uniformity of electrocardiographic changes in coronary heart disease (CHD) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) in the lead XII, namely low QRS complex voltage, T-wave inversion, cardiac arrhythmias, atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances, served as the basis for searching for individual or combined lesion signs quantitatively diagnostically significant for CHD and DCMP. For this purpose, 217 patients were examined. Out of them 83 were included into a group of healthy persons and 134 were patients who were divided into two groups: 60 with chronic CHD and 74 with DCMP.

[Computer visualization of three-dimensional vectorcardiographic loops in the diagnosis of the enlargement of cardiac segments].

A nontraditional method was proposed for computed visualization of three-dimensional vectorcardiographic loops in the projections on the two-dimensional planes the least departing from the appropriate loops in terms of root-mean-square deviation. The proposed visualization makes it possible to make a differential diagnosis of isolated forms of enlarged cardiac portions, including those of enlarged atria with high certainty.

[Vector electrocardiographic features in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy].

The examination indicated that abnormal Q and QS waves recorded along the azes Z and Y in the adjusted lead system far clearly reflected a predominant site of suspected focal and scarring lestoh in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as in coronary heart disease (CHD) (the anterior site in the Z lead and inferior one, in the Y lead), however, the difference in their quantitative characteristics do not fulfil the goals of the electrocardiographic differentiation between HCM and CHD. To differentiate HCM and CHD in the presence of Q and QS waves, a characteristic complex of signs was identified: elevated waves Rx (greater than or equal to 17.5 mm), Sy (greater than or equal to 7.

[The ECG in dilated cardiomyopathy with different degrees of the manifestation of cardiosclerosis].

ECG of 46 patients who had died from dilated cardiomyopathy were retrospectively examined in order to evaluate characteristic ECG changes in relation to myocardial sclerotic severity according to autopsy findings. It was found that 1) one of ECG features in this disease is QRS complex morphology in left chest leads in the form of "rS", "RS" as being independent of cardiosclerotic severity. The deep wave S V5-V6 was due not only to rotation shifts during left ventricular hypertrophy (dilatation), which was typical of dilated cardiomyopathy right ventricle mass; 2) as cardiosclerosis progresses, the frequency and severity of intraventricular conduction disturbances progressively increase; 3) ectopic arrhythmias and atrioventricular block are not caused only by cardiosclerosis and likely to be induced by drug therapy (cardiac glycosides); 4) despite cardiosclerotic development in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, ECG retains voltage criteria of enlarged cardiac cavities; 5) enlarged cardiac cavities can be determined by standard 12 ECG leads in 73.