FOXO1 pathway activation by VISTA immune checkpoint restrains pulmonary ILC2 functions.

Type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a pivotal role in the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR). However, the regulatory mechanisms governing ILC2 function remain inadequately explored. This study uncovers V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) as an inhibitory immune checkpoint crucial for modulating ILC2-driven lung inflammation.

Finding the Right Hepatic Artery Branching from the Gastroduodenal Artery in a Patient Undergoing Gastrectomy: A Rare Case of an Anatomical Variant.

Numerous vascular anomalies of the hepatic artery have been reported. Protection of the hepatic arterial supply is important during gastrectomy. We herein report a case in which an anatomical variant of the hepatic artery was discovered in a patient undergoing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D1+ lymph node dissection for early gastric cancer.

Impact of Lymphocyte/Monocyte Ratio on Outcomes in Patients with Remnant Gastric Cancer After Gastrectomy.

Background: The inflammatory response plays a crucial role in tumor development. Inflammatory markers are recognized prognostic factors in many types of cancer, including gastric cancer. However, the correlation between inflammatory markers and prognosis in remnant gastric cancer (RGC) remains unclear.

A Case of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis Caused by Cordyceps farinosa, a Species of Caterpillar Fungi.

A female patient in her thirties presented with persistent cough and sputum, unresponsive to conventional treatments. Chest imaging showed infiltrative opacities and high attenuation mucus. On laboratory examination, eosinophil counts and immunoglobulin E were elevated.

Evaluating Factor VIII Concentrates Using Clot Waveform Analysis.

: FVIII reagent activity varies across different assays, as well as activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) reagents. The hemostatic ability of various FVIII reagents was examined via clot waveform analysis (CWA). : APTT was measured using 12 APTT reagents, a small amount of tissue factor-induced FIX activation (sTF/FIXa) and a small amount of thrombin time (sTT) in order to examine 10 FVIII reagents and reference plasma (RP) using CWA.

Dominance of attentional focus: a comparative study on its impact on standing postural control in healthy younger and older adults.

Introduction: Attentional focus is a phenomenon in which shifting the focus of attention alters performance of standing postural control. It can be categorized as internal focus (IF), which directs attention to the body parts, or external focus (EF), which directs attention to the external environment. Although attentional focus that improves standing postural control in younger people exhibits individual dominance, the dominance of attentional focus in standing postural control in older adults remains ambiguous.

CB2 stimulation of adipose resident ILC2s orchestrates immune balance and ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with low-grade chronic type 2 inflammation and disturbance of glucose homeostasis. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a critical role in maintaining adipose homeostasis via the production of type 2 cytokines. Here, we demonstrate that CB, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and member of the endocannabinoid system, is expressed on both visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-derived murine and human ILC2s.

Thirty-second chair stand test in older adults with chronic health conditions is associated with lower limb oxygen extraction capacity.

Background: The 30-s chair stand test (CS-30) is a well-known measure of muscle strength in older adults. However, factors other than muscle strength may also be involved in older adults with chronic health conditions who require support and care in daily living.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that the CS-30 in older adults with chronic health conditions is associated with lower limb muscle oxygen extraction capacity.

Clinical significance of ribosomal protein S15 expression in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases.

Background: Liver metastasis is the most frequently observed distant metastasis of colorectal cancer, and the residual liver recurrence rate after hepatic resection is still high. To explore the mechanism of liver metastasis to discover potential new treatments, we assessed the relationship between the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM).

Methods: The gene expression dataset was extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus.

Iron controls the development of airway hyperreactivity by regulating ILC2 metabolism and effector function.

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) rapidly induce a type 2 inflammation in the lungs in response to allergens. Here, we focused on the role of iron, a critical nutritional trace element, on ILC2 function and asthma pathogenesis. We found that transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) is rapidly up-regulated and functional during ILC2 activation in the lungs, and blocking transferrin uptake reduces ILC2 expansion and activation.

Geriatric prognostic scoring system predicts survival after hepatectomy for elderly patients with liver cancer.

Aim: The number of elderly patients with liver cancer is increasing with the aging society. The Geriatric Prognostic Scoring System is useful in predicting the postoperative prognosis for elderly patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The aim of the present study was to assess the predictive ability of the geriatric prognostic scoring system for postoperative survival in elderly patients with liver cancer.

Exosomal miR-493 suppresses MAD2L1 and induces chemoresistance to intraperitoneal paclitaxel therapy in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.

Intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy with paclitaxel (PTX) for gastric cancer (GC) with peritoneal metastasis (PM) is considered a promising treatment approach, however, there are no useful biomarkers to predict the efficacy of IP therapy. We examined the association between intra-peritoneal exosomes, particularly exosomal micro-RNAs (exo-miRNAs), and IP-chemo sensitivity. MKN45 cells that were cultured with intra-peritoneal exosomes from patients who did not respond to IP therapy with PTX (IP group) exhibited resistance to PTX compared with exosomes from responding patients (IP group) (p = 0.

Piezo1 channels restrain ILC2s and regulate the development of airway hyperreactivity.

Mechanosensitive ion channels sense force and pressure in immune cells to drive the inflammatory response in highly mechanical organs. Here, we report that Piezo1 channels repress group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-driven type 2 inflammation in the lungs. Piezo1 is induced on lung ILC2s upon activation, as genetic ablation of Piezo1 in ILC2s increases their function and exacerbates the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR).

Reducing image artifacts in sparse projection CT using conditional generative adversarial networks.

Reducing the amount of projection data in computed tomography (CT), specifically sparse-view CT, can reduce exposure dose; however, image artifacts can occur. We quantitatively evaluated the effects of conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN) on image quality restoration for sparse-view CT using simulated sparse projection images and compared them with autoencoder (AE) and U-Net models. The AE, U-Net, and CGAN models were trained using pairs of artifacts and original images; 90% of patient cases were used for training and the remaining for evaluation.

Blocking CD226 regulates type 2 innate lymphoid cell effector function and alleviates airway hyperreactivity.

Background: Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) play a pivotal role in type 2 asthma. CD226 is a costimulatory molecule involved in various inflammatory diseases.

Objective: We aimed to investigate CD226 expression and function within human and mouse ILC2s, and to assess the impact of targeting CD226 on ILC2-mediated airway hyperreactivity (AHR).

An analysis of the effectiveness of reflective learning through watching videos recorded with smart glasses-With multiple views (student, patient, and overall) in radiography education.

The Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is designed to assess medical students' skills and attitude competencies before clinical practice. However, no method of reflective learning using video-based content has been used in OSCE education. This study aimed to confirm whether using smart glasses-based educational content is effective for OSCE reflective learning using multiple views (patient, student, and overall).

A 3.0 µm Pixels and 1.5 µm Pixels Combined Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Image Sensor for High Dynamic Range Vision beyond 106 dB.

We propose a new concept image sensor suitable for viewing and sensing applications. This is a report of a CMOS image sensor with a pixel architecture consisting of a 1.5 μm pixel with four-floating-diffusions-shared pixel structures and a 3.

Skeletal Muscle Mass Before Second-line Chemotherapy Correlates With Subsequent Prognosis and Rate of Late-line Chemotherapy in Patients With Unresectable Gastric Cancer.

Background/aim: Chemotherapy is the standard treatment for patients with unresectable gastric cancer (UGC); however, the survival outcomes are poor. This study investigated the predictive values of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) index (SMI) before second-line chemotherapy and the survival outcomes of patients with UGC.

Patients And Methods: A total of 79 patients diagnosed with UGC at our hospital who received at least second-line palliative chemotherapy were included.

Preoperative Osteopenia as Risk Factor for Death from Other Diseases After Gastrectomy in Elderly Patients.

Background/aim: Preoperative osteopenia, defined as low bone mineral density, is a prognostic factor in patients with digestive tract cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the correlation between preoperative osteopenia and GC in elderly patients is unclear.

Patients And Methods: We enrolled 251 patients who had undergone curative surgery for histopathologically diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma from January 2008 to December 2012.

Network analysis to estimate central insomnia symptoms among daytime workers at-risk for insomnia.

Although insomnia complaints are associated with mental health problems and reduced work productivity, the central insomnia symptoms in workers at-risk for insomnia remain unclear. This study aimed to identify the central insomnia symptoms among daytime workers at risk for insomnia. The participants were 881 Japanese daytime workers at-risk for insomnia with a mean age of 49.

Cross-sectional study on public health knowledge among first-year university students in Japan: Implications for educators and educational institutions.

In recent years, there have been increasing knowledge gaps and biases in public health information. This has become especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic and has contributed to the spread of misinformation. With constant exposure to disinformation and misinformation through television, the internet, and social media, even university students studying healthcare-related subjects lack accurate public health knowledge.