Correlation between Post-Thaw Spermatozoa Quality of the Endangered Javan Banteng with OPN Gene Expression.

The role of ex situ conservation facilities or captivity through captive breeding programs is essential in the conservation of the endangered Javan banteng. The development of semen cryopreservation may assist on one side of the conservation plan. However, the male Javan banteng reproductive capability must be considered as it influences the targeted outputs.

Long-tailed macaques: an unfairness model for humans.

The current study was designed to predict why human primates often behave unfairly (equity aversion) by not exhibiting equity preference (the ability to equally distribute outcomes 1:1 among participants). Parallel to humans, besides inequity aversion, lab monkeys such as kin of long-tailed macaques also demonstrate equity aversion depending on their preference for the outcome (food) type. During the pre-experiment phase, a food-preference test was conducted to determine the most preferred income per individual monkey.

Atherosclerotic Lesion of the Carotid Artery in Indonesian Cynomolgus Monkeys Receiving a Locally Sourced Atherogenic Diet.

The atherosclerotic lesion is a principal hallmark of atherosclerotic animal models. This study aimed to assess lesions of the carotid artery in Indonesian cynomolgus monkeys exposed to an IPB-1 atherogenic diet. A total of 20 adult male cynomolgus monkeys received the local IPB-1 diet for two years.

Role of glycodeoxycholic acid to induce acute pancreatitis in Macaca nemestrina.

Background: Acute pancreatitis exhibits a rapid clinical progression which makes it difficult to observe in human; hence, an experimental animal model is needed. This preliminary study performed an induction of acute pancreatitis using glycodeoxycholic acid (GDOC) in an experimental macaque model.

Methods: GDOC injections (initial dose of 11.

Age-related cognitive impairment is associated with low serum concentrations of testosterone and CSF levels of amyloid beta 42 in male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Aged memory-impaired cynomolgus monkeys had significantly lower levels of cerebrospinal amyloid (Aβ ) and serum testosterone compared with young animals and non-memory-impaired controls. Our findings confirm similar findings in the human and substantiate the usefulness of the cynomolgus monkey as a spontaneous model for aging-associated senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Comparison between PRP and PRFM on FTSG healing profile: Macroscopic, microscopic and ELISA evaluation.

Background: Studies had shown the benefit of PRFM and PRP in wound healing but their use in skin graft healing was rarely studied. This study aims to compare the use of PRP and PRFM in accelerating wound healing process of skin full-thickness skin graft (FTSG).

Materials And Methods: Five pigs were used to look at the wound healing effect of PRP and PRFM usage prior to FTSG implantation.

Characterization of from spontaneous melioidosis in a Bornean orangutan.

Background And Aim: Melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease affecting humans and a wide range of animal species; it is often underdiagnosed and underreported in veterinary medicine in Indonesia. This study aimed to characterize morphological and molecular features of , the causative agent of melioidosis which caused the death of a Bornean orangutan.

Materials And Methods: Pulmonary abscess samples were cultured on several types of media, including Ashdown agar, Ashdown broth, and MacConkey agar.

Construction of A Preliminary Three-Dimensional Structure Serotype-2 (SRV-2) Reverse Transcriptase Isolated from Indonesian Cynomolgus Monkey.

serotype-2 (SRV-2) is an important pathogenic agent in Asian macaques. It is a potential confounding variable in biomedical research. SRV-2 also provides a valuable viral model compared to other retroviruses which can be used for understanding many aspects of retroviral-host interactions and immunosuppression, infection mechanism, retroviral structure, antiretroviral and vaccine development.

Humoral Immune Responses to Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia.

, the Gram-negative bacterium which causes melioidosis, is a threat to human and a wide range of animal species. There is an increased concern of melioidosis in Indonesian primate facilities, especially following case reports of fatal melioidosis in captive macaques and orangutans. Our preliminary serosurveillance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to lipopolysaccharide showed that a significant number of captive and wild macaques in the western part of Java, Indonesia, have been exposed to To better characterize the humoral immune response in those animals, a panel of assays were conducted on the same blood plasma specimens that were taken from 182 cynomolgus macaques () and 88 pig-tailed macaques () reared in captive enclosures and wild habitats in the western part of Java, Indonesia.

Considerable Synteny and Sequence Similarity of Primate Chromosomal Region VIIq31.

Human chromosome 7 has been the focus of many behavioral, genetic, and medical studies because it carries genes related to cancer and neurodevelopment. We examined the evolution of the chromosome 7 homologs, and the 7q31 region in particular, using chromosome painting analyses and 3 paint probes derived from (i) the whole of chimpanzee chromosome VII (wcVII), (ii) human 7q31 (h7q31), and (iii) the chimpanzee homolog VIIq31 (cVIIq31). The wcVII probe was used instead of the whole human chromosome 7 because the chimpanzee contains additional C-bands and revealed large areas of synteny conservation as well as fragmentation across 20 primate species.

Granulovacuolar Degeneration in Brains of Senile Cynomolgus Monkeys.

Neurons with histopathological changes consistent with granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) were found in brain sections from aged cynomolgus monkeys () with clinical and pathological signs of cognitive aging. To our knowledge, this is the first reported description of GVD in non-human primates. GVD-like lesions were found also in age-matched cognitively healthy subjects, albeit in lower numbers, suggesting that they may relate to aging and the increase may have tendency to increase with the memory deficits.

Mammosphere Culture of Mammary Cells from Cynomolgus Macaques ().

The mammary gland contains adult stem cells that are capable of self-renewal. Although these cells hold an important role in the biology and pathology of the breast, the studies of mammary stem cells are few due to the difficulty of acquiring and expanding undifferentiated adult stem cell populations. In this study, we developed mammosphere cultures from frozen mammary cells of nulliparous cynomolgus macaques () as a culture system to enrich mammary stem cells.

Metabolic and morphometric changes in Indonesian cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) fed an atherogenic diet composed of locally sourced ingredients.

Background And Aim: This study was designed to determine the effects of a new atherogenic diet formulated at Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) (Bogor, Indonesia) on metabolic, morphometric, and carotid artery imaging of cynomolgus monkeys.

Materials And Methods: A total of 20 adult male cynomolgus monkeys fed IPB-1 atherogenic diet for 1 year. Total plasma cholesterol (TPC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and morphometric measurements were evaluated at baseline and monthly during the study.

Assessing female reproductive status of spectral tarsier (Tarsius tarsier) using fecal steroid hormone metabolite analysis.

The wild population of spectral tarsier is declining and attempts to breed the species in captivity have been of limited success. One possible reason for this is that information on the reproductive biology of Tarsius tarsier is extremely limited and data on the species reproductive physiology are completely lacking. We validated fecal estrogen (E-total) and progesterone metabolite (5-P-3OH) measurements for monitoring female ovarian activity and pregnancy.

Sexual Behaviour of the Spectral Tarsier (Tarsius spectrum) in Captivity.

Tarsius spectrum is a primate species endemic to Sulawesi. Populations of the species have decreased due to habitat destruction and hunting. The sexual behaviour of T.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and antihypertensive activities of protein hydrolysate from meat of Kacang goat (Capra aegagrus hircus).

Background: The meat of Kacang goat has potential for production of a protein hydrolysate. Functional ingredients from protein hydrolysate of Kacang goat meat were determined by the consistency of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antihypertensive effect. This study examined the potency of Kacang goat protein hydrolysate in ACE inhibition and antihypertensive activity.

Amyloid Beta1-42 and the Phoshorylated Tau Threonine 231 in Brains of Aged Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Pathological hallmarks indicative of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are the plaques of amyloid beta1-42 and neurofibrillary tangles, were found in brain of aged cynomolgus monkey. The aim of this study was to investigate if aged monkeys exhibiting spatial memory impairment and levels of biomarkers indicative of AD, had brain lesions similar to human patients suffering from senile dementia. Generating immunohistochemistry technique to biomarkers of amyloid beta1-42 and the phosphorylated tau 231, our study assessed the amyloidopathy, such as indicative to the senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and the tauopathy, to possible neurofibrillary tangles.

The success rate in a complicated spatial memory test is determined by age, sex, life history and search strategies in cynomolgus monkeys.

In a retrospective analysis of data from three studies using a delayed response task in cynomolgus monkeys, we examined the subjects' search patterns and success rates. Twenty-seven monkeys of both sexes, divided into three age groups, were tasked with retrieving two food items hidden in an array of six identical opaque cups. Although the task was challenging for all subjects, generating a high level of guesswork, evidence of common behaviors when approaching the spatial memory test were found.

Poor memory performance in aged cynomolgus monkeys with hippocampal atrophy, depletion of amyloid beta 1-42 and accumulation of tau proteins in cerebrospinal fluid.

Background: Due to their similarities in behavior and disease pathology to humans, non-human primate models are desirable to complement small animals as models for the study of age-related dementia.

Materials And Methods: Based on their performance on delayed response task (DRT) tests of memory, aged cynomolgus monkeys were divided into two groups to compare high-performing (n=6) and low-performing (n=6) subjects. Both groups were tested for biomarkers related to Alzheimer's disease and their brains were scanned using structural magnetic resonance imaging.

Delayed response task performance as a function of age in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

We compared delayed response task performance in young, middle-aged, and old cynomolgus monkeys using three memory tests that have been used with non-human primates. Eighteen cynomolgus monkeys--6 young (4-9 years), 6 middle-aged (10-19 years), and 6 old (above 20 years)--were tested. In general, the old monkeys scored significantly worse than did the animals in the two other age groups.

Correlations between serum levels of beta amyloid, cerebrospinal levels of tau and phospho tau, and delayed response tasks in young and aged cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Background: In an attempt to explore cynomolgus monkeys as an animal model for Alzheimer's disease, the present study focused on the Alzheimer's biomarkers beta amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42 ) in serum, and total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) levels in cerebrospinal fluid.

Methods: We measured biomarker levels in Young and Aged cynomolgus monkeys and correlated these with performance on three delayed response tasks.

Results: The Aβ42 concentration of the Aged monkeys was significantly lower than in the Young subjects, while the t-tau and p-tau did not significantly differ between the groups.

Development of the area postrema: an immunohistochemical study in the macaque.

The organization and chemical development of the area postrema (AP) in the macaque monkey was studied by immunohistochemistry imaged with conventional and confocal microscopy from day 40 of gestation to adulthood. The thin ependyma of the adult was found to develop from a thick continuous structure beginning in the second trimester. It was later invaded by tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH+) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase immunoreactive (DBH+) cells and fibers, suggesting a possible route for release of neurotransmitter directly into ventricular cerebrospinal fluid.

Stress in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) subjected to long-distance transport and simulated transport housing conditions.

The stress associated with transportation of non-human primates used in scientific research is an important but almost unexplored part of laboratory animal husbandry. The procedures and routines concerning transport are not only important for the animals' physical health but also for their mental health as well. The transport stress in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) was studied in two experiments.

Urinary and fecal immunoglobulin A, cortisol and 11-17 dioxoandrostanes, and serum cortisol in metabolic cage housed female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).

Background And Methods: Quantitative enzyme-immunoassays of urinary and fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA), cortisol and 11-17-dioxoandrostanes (11,17-DOA), and serum cortisol in eight metabolic-cage-housed female cynomolgus monkeys were performed. The monkeys were divided into two groups, B and NB. Group B animals were blood sampled every 6 hours, whereas Group NB animals were not handled/blood sampled.