Pavement ant extract is a chemotaxis repellent for C. elegans.

Ant behavior relies on a collection of natural products, from following trail pheromones during foraging to warding off potential predators. How nervous systems sense these compounds to initiate a behavioral response remains unclear. Here, we used chemotaxis assays to investigate how ant compounds are detected by heterospecific nervous systems.

Rhinoplasty in Middle Eastern Patients.

Rhinoplasty in patients of Middle Eastern origin requires complete understanding of nasal morphology and an individualized approach to create a racially congruent and aesthetically pleasing outcome. In this article, common anatomic features and characteristics and detailed steps, surgical techniques, and operative maneuvers that can lead to predictable outcome in rhinoplasty of Middle Eastern patients are discussed.

Superior rhinoplasty outcomes with precise nasal osteotomy: an individualized approach for maintaining function and achieving aesthetic goals.

Background: Although frequently performed in rhinoplasty, nasal osteotomies have been unpredictable in consistently controlling postoperative alterations in bony morphology in many patients. Consequently, a detailed algorithm for an individualized approach to osteotomy is needed to achieve superior aesthetic and functional outcomes.

Objectives: The authors aimed to propose a component-oriented and individualized approach for nasal osteotomy in rhinoplasty.

Dynamics of the alar rim graft.

Background: The purpose of this study was to review the dynamics and frequency of the use of the alar rim graft.

Methods: The recorded intraoperative information for the purpose of rhinoplasty research was reviewed to investigate the frequency of the use of alar rim grafts. Intraoperative observations were also made while inserting the alar rim graft to identify the changes that occur in the structures that could be influenced by placement of this graft.

Rhinoplasty: congenital deficiencies of the alar cartilage.

Background: Congenital deficiencies of the alar cartilages are rare and often visible at birth but can occasionally present later.

Objectives: The authors review the anatomical development and discuss the incidence and treatment of congenital defects within the alar cartilages seen in rhinoplasty cases.

Methods: The charts of 869 consecutive patients who underwent open rhinoplasty were retrospectively reviewed, and 8 cases of congenital defects of the alar cartilage within the middle crura were identified.

Combination surgical excision and fractional carbon dioxide laser for treatment of rhinophyma.

Rhinophyma is a severe late complication of rosacea, which is characterized by progressive hyperplasia of sebaceous glands and connective tissue involving the lower two-thirds of the nose. It can be an emotionally devastating disorder, and serve as a medium for occult cancers and other health problems. Many surgical treatments have been advocated, as well as dermabrasion and laser therapy.

Primary rhinoplasty.

Rhinoplasty is generally considered to be one of the most challenging, complex, and exciting of all the plastic surgery procedures. In this article, the authors discuss key concepts related to patient evaluation and analysis, as well as techniques and maneuvers that reliably lead to favorable long-term results in rhinoplasty.

Relationship between birth weight and time of first deciduous tooth eruption in 143 consecutively born infants.

Background: Deciduous teeth play an important role in the proper alignment, spacing and occlusion of permanent teeth. The calcification of deciduous teeth begins during the fourth prenatal month, and calcification of all deciduous teeth begin by the end of the sixth prenatal month. The eruption date varies and is genetically influenced.

Current status of grafts and implants in rhinoplasty: Part II. Homologous grafts and allogenic implants.

Learning Objectives: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the challenges in restoring volume and structural integrity in rhinoplasty. 2.

Screening the thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacterial population of three Iranian hot-springs to detect the thermostable α-amylase producing strain.

Background: Screening is a routine procedure for isolation of microorganisms which are able to produce special metabolites. Purified thermostable α-amylase from bacterial sources is widely used in different industries. In this study we analyzed samples collected from three different hot springs in Iran to detect any strains capable of producing thermostable α-amylase.

Current status of grafts and implants in rhinoplasty: part I. Autologous grafts.

Learning Objectives: After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the challenges in restoring volume and structural integrity in rhinoplasty. 2.

An algorithm for treatment of the drooping nose.

Unlabelled: Nasal tip ptosis ("drooping" or long nose) occurs when the tip of the nose is more caudal than what is deemed ideal. Intrinsic factors, such as elongated or caudally-rotated lower lateral cartilages, can lead to nasal tip ptosis. Extrinsic factors, such as elongated upper lateral cartilages or excessive caudal anterior septum and heavy nasal skin, can push the nasal tip caudally and lead to drooping of the nasal tip.

Treating facial soft tissue deficiency: fat grafting and adipose-derived stem cell tissue engineering.

The authors outline the limitations of fat grafting. They then describe the currently available fat culturing technique and explain how options incorporating adipose-derived stem cell technologies and growth factors will provide new modalities in treating facial soft tissue deficiency.

Omental transposition flap for salvage of ventricular assist devices.

Background: The use of ventricular assist devices for patients with end-stage cardiac failure awaiting heart transplantation has become increasingly common. Ventricular assist devices improve the longevity and the quality of life for these patients. In addition, they serve as a bridge to cardiac allograft transplantation until a donor heart is found.

One-stage reanimation of the paralyzed face using the rectus abdominis neurovascular free flap.

Background: Functional free muscle transfer for the surgical correction of long-standing facial paralysis has gained validity over the past three decades. These traditionally multistep reconstructions often achieve clinical success, but at the cost of significant morbidity and lengthy recovery periods. To address this dilemma, the authors propose reconstruction using the rectus abdominis and accompanying intercostal nerve in a one-stage neurovascular free flap reanimation procedure.

Correcting the saddlebag deformity in the massive weight loss patient.

Skin redundancy of the trunk and thigh is treated by a circumferential abdominoplasty and a lower body lift. Despite preservation and tight approximation of the subcutaneous facial system, the authors have failed to adequately correct severe saddlebag deformity and midthigh laxity in the massive weight loss patient. The technique used in the last nine of the senior author's 43 lower body lifts was modified by fully abducting each operated thigh on a side utility table, before closure in the prone position.

Nasal base surgery.

Nasal base surgery is a challenging and yet rewarding part of rhinoplasty. The nasal base, the most frequently ignored view of the nose, provides important information with regards to projection, lobular anatomy, nostril size, and overall aesthetics of the nose. This article reviews the anatomy of the nasal base and its surrounding structures, as well as aesthetically pleasing proportions of the nasal base in context of facial analysis.

Prospective application of a protocol for selective nonsurgical management of suspected orbital subperiosteal abscesses in children.

Goodwin et al (1982) and Souliere et al (1990) have proposed a protocol for the selective nonsurgical management of suspected orbital subperiosteal abscesses. This protocol has been routinely applied by the Temple Pediatric Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology services since 1990. During this period, children with computed tomography and physical examination findings consistent with orbital subperiosteal abscesses and visual acuity better than 20/60 were treated with intravenous antibiotics rather than immediate surgery.

Electrosurgery in the head and neck.

Electrosurgery is widely used in the practice of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Despite its popularity, few training programs give formal education in the optimal use of electrosurgical instruments. This article reviews the history, physics, and tissue effects of these commonly used devices.

Methotrexate is effective therapy for lymphomatoid papulosis and other primary cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders.

Background: The spectrum of primary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disease consists of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) at one extreme and CD30+ peripheral T-cell lymphoma (Ki-1+ lymphoma) presenting in the skin at the other extreme. Methotrexate has been reported to be effective in LyP, but the experience has been limited to single case reports or small series.

Objective: The objective was to determine the effectiveness of methotrexate in the treatment of primary cutaneous DC30+ lymphoproliferative disease.