Comparison of oral amoxicillin with placebo for the treatment of world health organization-defined nonsevere pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in pakistan.

Background: world Health Organization (WHO) acute respiratory illness case management guidelines classify children with fast breathing as having pneumonia and recommend treatment with an antibiotic. There is concern that many of these children may not have pneumonia and are receiving antibiotics unnecessarily. This could increase antibiotic resistance in the community.

Ambulatory short-course high-dose oral amoxicillin for treatment of severe pneumonia in children: a randomised equivalency trial.

Background: WHO case management guidelines for severe pneumonia involve referral to hospital for treatment with parenteral antibiotics. If equally as effective as parenteral treatment, home-based oral antibiotic treatment could reduce referral, admission, and treatment costs. Our aim was to determine whether home treatment with high-dose oral amoxicillin and inpatient treatment with parenteral ampicillin were equivalent for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children.

Nosocomial bloodstream infection in a tertiary care paediatric intensive care unit.

Objective: To determine the frequency, causative organisms and susceptibility pattern of nosocomial bloodstream infections in children.

Study Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of the Children's Hospital, Lahore, from January to December 2004.

Efficacy and safety of halofantrine in Pakistani children and adults with malaria caused by P. falciparum and P. vivax.

One hundred two patients aged 2-43 years diagnosed with acute malaria due to P. falciparum or P. vivax were treated with 3 doses of halofantrine (500 mg for > or = 18 year old patients and 8 mg/kg of patient body weight for 2-17 year olds), with each dose administered once in 6 hours and followed up for 28 days.

Comparison of standard versus double dose of amoxicillin in the treatment of non-severe pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months: a multi-centre, double blind, randomised controlled trial in Pakistan.

Introduction: WHO pneumonia case management guidelines recommend oral amoxicillin as first line treatment for non-severe pneumonia. Increasing treatment failure rates have been reported over a period of time, which could possibly be due to increasing minimum inhibitory concentrations of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae for amoxicillin. Microbiological data show that this resistance can be overcome by increasing amoxicillin dosage.

Does early referral to tertiary care decrease the mortality related to birth asphyxia?

Objective: To find the association of time of referral of asphyxiated newborns with the outcome.

Design: Observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Neonatal Unit of Children's Hospital, Lahore, from August to December 2000.

Acute poisoning in children.

Objective: To determine the frequency, etiology, clinical presentation and outcome of acute poisoning in children presenting to a tertiary care hospital.

Design: Descriptive and observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Emergency Department of the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore.

Immunogenicity of a recombinant, yeast-derived, anti-hepatitis-B vaccine after alternative dosage and schedule vaccination in Pakistani children.

A controlled, randomized trial was conducted in urban areas of Karachi and Lahore with the aim to look for ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination. Children under 15 years old (including neonates) were selected and screened for immunization by three regimens according to the frequency and doses of the recombinant vaccine used (Heberbiovac HB, Heber Biotec, Havana). Group A received 10 microg at 0, 1 months; group B (control) received 10 microg at 0, 1 and 2 months (standard regime), and group C received 5 microg at 0, 1 and 2 months.

Brain abscess in children.

Objective: To find out the clinical presentation, radiological characteristics, various underlying predisposing conditions and causative organisms of brain abscess in children in our setup.

Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, over two years from September 2001 to August 2003.

Clinical utility and accuracy of a blood glucose meter for the detection of neonatal hypoglycemia.

Objective: To determine the accuracy and reliability of a glucometer in comparison to hexokinase method in detecting neonatal hypoglycemia.

Design: Comparative analytical study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Neonatal Unit of the Children ' Hospital, Lahore from August 2001 to February 2002.

The etiology of neonatal sepsis and patterns of antibiotic resistance.

Objective: To study the patterns of causative bacteria and antibiotic resistance in neonatal sepsis.

Design: Descriptive study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Neonatology, The Children s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore from July 2000 to December 2000.