Sustainability assessment of biofuel and value-added product from organic fraction of municipal solid waste.

The current study aims to examine the techno-economic and environmental assessment of biorefinery development within a circular bioeconomy context by using an organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) by extraction of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins with 98, 51 and 62 % by mass of conversion efficiency and yield recovery, and value-added fractions production as well. Fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel) and glycerol (biofuel) were produced by applying transesterification process, and the remaining biomass was converted into biocrude oil by thermal liquefication. The biorefinery using 613 kg of OFMSW produced biodiesel, glycerol, and bioethanol with 126 litter, 14.

Empirical analysis of cost-effective and equitable solid waste management systems: Environmental and economic perspectives.

The solid waste management (SWM) system is in a transitional phase in developing economies, and local municipalities and waste management companies are stepping toward integrating a waste treatment approach in the scheme of waste handling. However, there is an urgent need to explore cost-effective techniques, models, and potential revenue streams to sustain the state-run waste sector self-sufficiently. The proposed SWM model aims to support the local waste sector in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan, with 100% service area coverage to attain environmental and economic sustainability by defining dedicated waste collection streams to ensure quality material recovery under a cost-effective approach and modality.

Synergistic neuroprotection by phytocompounds of Bacopa monnieri in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease mice model.

Background: Millions of people around the globe are affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD). This crippling condition has no treatment despite intensive studies. Some phytocompounds have been shown to protect against Alzheimer's in recent studies.

A Rare Case of Acute Esophageal Necrosis Precipitated by Klebsiella Pneumoniae.

Acute esophageal necrosis is a rare condition; visualization of necrosis on esophagoduodenoscopy can help establish the diagnosis. Due to variations in blood supply, there is a higher propensity for ischemic episodes to occur along the lower esophagus; these can be of particular importance during times of hypotension. Underlying infections and atherosclerosis can further exacerbate blood supply leading to ischemia in these watershed zones.

The Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Green Purchase Behavior in Pakistan: A Multi-Group Analysis Between Infected and Non-infected.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its effects on an individual's life have altered the consumer behavior. In the context of purchase and consumption, a shift from conventional to green purchase has been noticed. Although the factors underlying this shift were relatively unexplored, the study aimed to identify the factors that influenced a significant role in the green purchases during the outbreak and the relationship of these factors with green purchase behavior (GPB).

Efficiency of Crystal Violet Stain to Study Mitotic Figures in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia.

Aim: To evaluate mitotic activity in the different grades of oral epithelial dysplasia using 1% crystal violet stain.

Material And Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Histopathology of the Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore on a total of thirty-three cases of the Oral Epithelial Dysplasia (OED). Fresh, frozen paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks were collected from Lahore General Hospital, Lahore & Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Nawaz Sharif Hospital, Yakki Gate, Lahore.

A critique of recent hypotheses on oral (and lung) cancer induced by water pipe (hookah, shisha, narghile) tobacco smoking.

The medical hypothesis that the mainstream smoke (the one inhaled by the user) from "water pipes" (mainly: shisha, hookah, narghile) causes oral cancer is certainly acceptable. However, most of the recent reviews on this issue, including an attempt to develop an hypothesis for hookah carcinogenesis, have not cited key references of the world available literature which, so far, generally do not support such an hypothesis. Besides, the proposal is biased since it is apparently an adaptation of the cigarette model whereas cigarette and hookah smokes are, chemically to start with, completely different.

Hookah smoking and cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in exclusive/ever hookah smokers.

Background: We have recently published some work on CEA levels in hookah (also called narghile, shisha elsewhere) and cigarette smokers. Hookah smokers had higher levels of CEA than non-smokers although mean levels were low compared to cigarette smokers. However some of them were also users of other tobacco products (cigarettes, bidis, etc.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in hookah smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers.

Objective: To find CEA levels in smokers of different categories (hookah smokers, cigarette smokers smoking different brands of cigarettes and different number of cigarettes per day) and to correlate CEA levels with type and rate of smoking.

Methods: A total of 122 cigarette smokers (115 men and 7 women) and 14 hookah smokers (all men) with age ranging from 16-80 years were studied. CEA levels were also measured in 36 non-smokers who served as controls.

Thyroid function in pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective: To evaluate the thyroid hormone economy in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).

Design: Cohort comparative study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Multan Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (MINAR) from January 2003 to June 2005.

Prostate specific antigen level in a fertilizer factory workers.

Objective: To find the effect of the fertilizer factory environment on serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) levels.

Design: A cohort comparative study.

Place And Duration Of Study: The study was conducted at Immunoassay Laboratory of MINAR, Multan from June 2002 to January 2004.

Carbon monoxide fractions in cigarette and hookah (hubble bubble) smoke.

We studied the carbon monoxide (CO) fractions in hookah and cigarette smoke, using a carbon monoxide micro smokerlyzer (model EC50, BEDFONT, U.K.).

Ramadan fasting and thyroid hormone profile.

A study comprising 41 males, 5 females of the age ranging from 28 to 56 years was conducted during Ramadan of 1989 to compare T3, T4 and TSH levels in fasting with the levels of non-fasting conditions. Each individual gave 6 blood samples: One sample was taken 20 days before the onset of Ramadan, 3 samples at different fasting days and last two samples were drawn 23 days and five months after the end of Ramadan, respectively. The results showed a significant gradual rise in TSH throughout the fasting month, although the mean levels remained within normal limits.

Local preparation, standardization and quality control of technetium labelled macroaggregated albumin for lung perfusion studies.

Lung perfusion study is an important investigation in various pulmonary diseases. The radiopharmaceutical commonly used now-a- days is imported macroaggregated human albumin (in kit form), which is labelled with technetium (Tc99m-MAA). Due to its high cost the technique could not be fully exploited.

Qualitative evaluation of in-house immunoassays of T3, T4 and TSH based on bulk reagents.

Increase in the cost of RIA kit assays has led to our attempts to seek cheaper alternates. Assays based on bulk reagents (supplied free of cost by INMOL in collaboration with IAEA) were started in 1988. Statistical and Quality control data on 50,51 and 52 assay batches of T3, T4 and TSH respectively has been collected from the beginning.