Synaptophysin and GSK-3beta activity in the prefrontal cortex may underlie the effects of REM sleep deprivation and lithium on behavioral functions and memory performance in male rats.

Rapid-eye movement (REM) stage of sleep serves a critical role in processing cognitive and behavioral functions. Evidence shows that REM sleep deprivation (REM SD) strongly affects the mood state and cognitive abilities. However, there are many inconsistent reports.

Mind mapping in recalling and retrieving core contents in anesthesia technology students.

Background: Human memory represents the ability to recall and retrieve information. Learning methods have a great impact on remembering and retrieving material. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the mind map learning method on the amount of recall and retrieval of the core contents of anesthesia technology students.

Sex difference affects fear extinction but not lithium efficacy in rats following fear-conditioning with respect to the hippocampal level of BDNF.

In rodents, exposure to electrical shock and creating a strong fear memory using fear-conditioning model can induce PTSD-like behavior. In this study, we induced a fear-conditioning model in rats and investigated freezing (PTSD-like) behavior, 21 days after three shocks exposure (0.6 mA, 3 s, 30 seconds interval) in both male and female rats.

Investigating heavy-metal soil contamination state on the rate of stomach cancer using remote sensing spectral features.

Heavy metal (HM) contamination in agricultural soils has been a serious environmental and health problem in the past decades. High concentration of HM threatens human health and can be a risk factor for many diseases such as stomach cancer. In order to investigate the relationship between HM content and stomach cancer, the under-study area should be adequately large so that the possible relationship between soil contamination and the patients' distribution can be studied.

Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation Leading to Substituted Pyrrolo[3,2,1-]carbazoles by Sequential C-N and C-C Bond Formation.

A novel regioselective annulation of propargylic alcohols with simple carbazoles for the construction of [3,2,1-]carbazole scaffolds is described to be the first example of intermolecular synthesis of [3,2,1-]carbazoles from simple carbazoles. synthesis of propargyl alcohols from simple, cheap, and easily accessible ketones has also been developed during the one-pot synthesis of [3,2,1-]carbazoles.

Synchronization in electric power networks with inherent heterogeneity up to 100% inverter-based renewable generation.

The synchronized operation of power generators is the foundation of electric power network stability and a key to the prevention of undesired power outages and blackouts. Here, we derive the conditions that guarantee synchronization in power networks with inherent generator heterogeneity when subjected to small perturbations, and perform a parametric sensitivity analysis to understand synchronization with varied types of generators. As inverter-based resources, which are the primary interfacing technology for many renewable sources of energy, have supplanted synchronous generators in ever growing numbers, the center of attention on associated integration challenges have resided primarily on the role of declining system inertia.

Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment of Necrotic Teeth Resolved Apical Lesions on Adjacent Implants with Retrograde/Apical Peri-implantitis: A Case Series with 2-year Follow-up.

Retrograde (or apical/periapical) peri-implantitis (RPI) presents with radiographic signs of bone loss at the periapical area of endosteal implants and may also present with clinical signs of abscess formation or a sinus tract traceable to the implant periapex. The lesion may form days up to several years after the initial implant placement. In contrast to marginal peri-implantitis, which has a prevalence of 19.

Management of Retrograde Peri-Implantitis Using an Air-Abrasive Device, Er,Cr:YSGG Laser, and Guided Bone Regeneration.

Background: The placement of an implant in a previously infected site is an important etiologic factor contributing to implant failure. The aim of this case report is to present the management of retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI) in a first maxillary molar site, 2 years after the implant placement. The RPI was treated using an air-abrasive device, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, and guided bone regeneration (GBR).

Patients with OCD report lower quality of life after controlling for expert-rated symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Background: One to three percent of the adult population suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD). Previous studies have also shown that, compared to controls, patients with OCD report a lower QoL. The latter is associated with self-rated symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Erratum to: Treadmill exercise alters ecstasy- induced long- term potentiation disruption in the hippocampus of male rats.

In the original publication of the article, author name Masoumeh Asadbegi was incorrectly written as Masoumeh Asadbeigi. The authors regret the oversight.

Classification and Clinical Management of Retrograde Peri-implantitis Associated with Apical Periodontitis: A Proposed Classification System and Case Report.

Biological complications involving dental implants include peri-implant diseases such as peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. The latter presents with progressive bone loss from the alveolar crest in a coronal apical direction. However, a separate disease entity termed retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI), which presents with progressive bone loss at the periapex of the implant, also exists and may be of particular interest to endodontists because it typically presents with periapical pathology of both the implant and adjacent tooth or at a site that previously housed an endodontically treated tooth.

Treadmill exercise alters ecstasy- induced long- term potentiation disruption in the hippocampus of male rats.

3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or ecstasy is a derivative of amphetamine that leads to long term potentiation (LTP) disruption in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Exercise has been accepted as a treatment for the improvement of neurodegenerative disease. Herein, the effects of exercise on the MDMA- induced neurotoxicity were assessed.

Exophytic bulbar pilocytic astrocytoma and post-operative cerebral salt wasting syndrome.

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) is a well-described consequence of several neurological disorders. Although the exact etiology of CSWS is still not completely elucidated, it is believed that the hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in the genesis of this disorder. We report for the first time 3 cases of CSWS occurring during the post-operative course following surgical resection of exophytic bulbar pilocytic astrocytomas in children.

Neurodegeneration in an Animal Model of Chronic Amyloid-beta Oligomer Infusion Is Counteracted by Antibody Treatment Infused with Osmotic Pumps.

Decline in hippocampal-dependent explicit memory (memory for facts and events) is one of the earliest clinical symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is well established that synapse loss and ensuing neurodegeneration are the best predictors for memory impairments in AD. Latest studies have emphasized the neurotoxic role of soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (Aβo) that begin to accumulate in the human brain approximately 10 to 15 yr before the clinical symptoms become apparent.

A new seeded region growing technique for retinal blood vessels extraction.

Distribution of retinal blood vessels (RBVs) in retinal images has an important role in the prevention, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease. Therefore, detection of the exact location of RBVs is very important for Ophthalmologists. One of the frequently used techniques for extraction of these vessels is region growing-based Segmentation.

Etiology of congenital hypothyroidism in Isfahan: Does it different?

Background: Considering the higher prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Iran and the importance of determination of the etiology of CH for assessing appropriate treatment strategies, understanding the pathogenesis of CH and the implications of its inheritance and prognosis, the aim of this study was to determine the etiology of CH 7 years after initiation of the program in Isfahan province.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, children with a primary diagnosis of CH studied. They clinically examined and their medical files were reviewed by a Pediatric Endocrinologist.

Prevalence of permanent congenital hypothyroidism in isfahan-iran.

Background: Considering the importance to determine the reasons for the higher occurrence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Iran, in this study we report the prevalence of permanent CH (PCH) in Isfahan province 7 years after initiation of CH screening program in Isfahan.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, children with a primary diagnosis of CH studied. They clinically examined and their medical files were reviewed by a pediatric endocrinologist.

Prevalence of transient congenital hypothyroidism in central part of Iran.

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) considered a common endocrine disorder in Iran. We report the epidemiologic findings of CH screening program in Isfahan, seven years after its development, regarding the prevalence of transient CH (TCH) and its screening properties comparing with permanent CH (PCH).

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, children with primary diagnosis of CH were studied.

Growth and specialized growth charts of children with congenital hypothyroidism detected by neonatal screening in isfahan, iran.

Objectives. The aim of the current study was to investigate the growth status of CH, generate specialized growth charts of CH infants, and compare them with their counterparts of regional normal infants. Methods.

Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy with static field conformal and non coplanar arcs for pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma: analysis of long term visual outcome and endocrine toxicity.

We assessed the efficacy and the toxicity for pediatric craniopharyngioma patients of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). Between May 2000 and May 2009, 9 patients (male to female ratio, 5:4) with craniopharyngiomas underwent FSRT (median dose, 54 Gy). Among the 9 patients, 6 received radiation therapy (RT) for recurrent tumors and 3 for residual disease as adjuvant therapy after incomplete surgery.

Fulminant Meningoencephalitis as the First Clinical Sign of an Invasive Pituitary Macroadenoma.

We report the case of a young woman who presented with an acute fulminant meningoencephalitis as the first sign of an invasive pituitary macroadenoma. This rare and dramatic complication is described in detail, and the different management steps, from the lumbar puncture to the bifrontal craniectomy, are discussed. In conclusion, this clinical presentation highlights the importance of early diagnosis and urgent management of this uncommon complication.

Urine and milk iodine concentrations in healthy and congenitally hypothyroid neonates and their mothers.

Introduction: In view of the high prevalence of Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) in Iran, in this study we evaluated the role of iodine in the aetiology of CH by comparing urine and milk iodine concentrations in healthy and congenitally hypothyroid neonates and their mothers.

Material And Methods: In a cross-sectional study, urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) in newborns with CH, as well as UIC and the milk iodine concentrations (MIC) of their mothers, were measured and compared with a control group. The lower, mid, and upper range of UIC for neonates and lactating mothers was considered to be < 150 μg/L, 150-230 μg/L, and > 230 μg/L, and lower, mid, and upper range of MIC was considered to be < 150 μg/L, 150-180 μg/L, and > 180 μg/L, respectively.

[Hemorrhagic strokes in children: etiology and management].

Pediatric particularities and management of pediatric hemorrhagic strokes are reviewed. Etiologies of hemorrhagic strokes in children are quite different than in adults. Arterio-venous malformations are much more frequently encountered than aneurysms, cavernous malformations and other non structural causes.

Thyroid function abnormalities among first-degree relatives of Iranian congenital hypothyroidism neonates.

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a relatively common metabolic disease in neonates. Until recent years the disorder was usually regarded as occurring in a sporadic manner. Over the past few years, however, a considerable proportion of familial cases have been identified, and possible roles of autoimmune factors suggested.