Sex differences in acetylcholinesterase modulation during spatial and fear memory extinction in the amygdala; an animal study in the single prolonged stress model of PTSD.

Background And Purpose: Men and women show different reactions to trauma and that is believed to be the reason behind the higher prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women. Cholinergic signaling has long been known to be involved in the processing of fear-related information and the amygdala is a critical center for fear modulation. The main goal of the current research was to find (a) whether trauma results in different learning/extinction of fear or spatial-related information among male and female rats and (b) if trauma is associated with different acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in the amygdala.

Acute and Subchronic Toxicological Evaluations of Allium rotundum L.: A Dietary Plant from Iran.

Allium rotundum L. is a dietary plant with diverse nutritional and herbal applications. According to its widespread application in Iranians' diets, understanding the possible adverse effects and toxic activities could be of major importance.