Atox1 regulates macrophage polarization in intestinal inflammation via ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.

Background: Inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to explore the effects of copper chaperone Antioxidant-1 (Atox1) on macrophages in a mouse model of intestinal inflammation.

Methods: A mouse model of TNBS-induced colitis was established and verified using the disease activity index.

Enabling Electrochemical-Mechanical Robustness of Ultra-High Ni Cathode via Self-Supported Primary-Grain-Alignment Strategy.

The electrochemical-mechanical degradation of ultrahigh Ni cathode for lithium-ion batteries is a crucial aspect that limits the cycle life and safety of devices. Herein, the study reports a facile strategy involving rational design of primary grain crystallographic orientation within polycrystalline cathode, which well enhanced its electro-mechanical strength and Li transfer kinetics. Ex situ and in situ experiments/simulations including cross-sectional particle electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), single-particle micro-compression, thermogravimetric analysis combined with mass spectrometry (TGA-MS), and finite element modeling reveal that, the primary-grain-alignment strategy effectively mitigates the particle pulverization, lattice oxygen release thereby enhances battery cycle life and safety.

Apigenin reduces the suppressive effect of exosomes derived from irritable bowel syndrome patients on the autophagy of human colon epithelial cells by promoting ATG14.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBS) is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Exosomes have been involved in various pathological processes including IBS. Apigenin has been reported to suppress inflammatory bowel disease (IBS).

Spark Plasma Sintering of AlN/Al Functionally Graded Materials.

In this paper, six-layer AlN/Al gradient composites were prepared by a spark plasma sintering process to study the influences of sintering temperature and holding time on the microstructure and mechanical properties. The well-bonded interface enables the composite to exhibit excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The hardness and thermal expansion properties of the composite exhibit a gradient property.

Rab5a Promotes Cytolethal Distending Toxin B-Induced Cytotoxicity and Inflammation.

The cytolethal distending toxin B subunit (CdtB) induces significant cytotoxicity and inflammation in many cell types that are involved in the pathogenesis of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study tested the potential role of Rab small GTPase 5a (Rab5a) in the process.

Ce-Substituted Nanograin NaZrSiPO Prepared by LF-FSP as Sodium-Ion Conductors.

The urgent need for high-performance solid electrolytes has aroused considerable focus on NASICON ceramics. Optimization of processing routes to dense, defect-free materials has yet to receive sufficient attention to date. Although traditional solid-state reaction methods followed by repetitive ball milling and sintering up to 10 h above 1200 °C are common place, the resulting average particle sizes are usually too large to produce dense, robust structures because of excessive grain growth.

Expression and clinical significance of 5-HT and 5-HTR in the intestinal mucosa of patient with diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome.

Expression levels and clinical significance of 5-HT and 5-HTR in the intestinal mucosa tissue of patients with diarrhea-type irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) were investigated. A retrospective analysis was performed on 46 tissue specimens (observation group) of the intestinal mucosa of patients with D-IBS, who were diagnosed in the Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province and received colonoscopy from March 2016 to December 2017, and 18 tissue specimens (control group) of the intestinal mucosa of healthy subjects who received physical examinations. The expression levels of 5-HT and 5-HTR in the intestinal mucosa tissue of patients in the observation and control group were detected by ELISA, and the relationship between 5-HT, 5-HTR and the clinicopathological parameters of patients with D-IBS was analyzed.

Thermal mismatch strain induced disorder of YMoO and its effect on thermal expansion of YMoO/Al composites.

Fully dense YMoO/Al composites were prepared by squeeze-casting. Relatively mild conditions of 750 °C/20 min/50 MPa were used in order to avoid reaction of the components. SEM, Raman spectroscopy, XRD and dilatometry were used to characterize the microstructures and morphologies of the composites.

Activation of 5-HT and NR2B contributes to visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome in rats.

The roles of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and spinal N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor 2B (NR2B) in visceral hypersensitivity were investigated. A rat model with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was established by intracolonic injections of acetic acid onpost-natal days 8-21. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal intact (control) group, IBS model group, Ro25-6981-treated IBS rats (Ro25-6981, a NR2B antagonist) group, amitriptyline-treated IBS rats (amitriptyline, a 5-HT antagonist) and Ro25-6981 plus amitriptyline-treated IBS rats (Ro25-6981+amitriptyline) group.

Anti-hypertensive effects of laiju extract in two different rat models.

The aim of the study was to evaluate whether laiju extract (LJE) from Semen Raphani and Flos Chrysanthemi has an anti-hypertensive effect in renal hypertensive rat (RHR) and spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR). LJE was prepared by extracting dried Semen Raphani and Flos Chrysanthemi with 70% ethanol. RHR and SHR models were prepared by standard methods.