Low-Cost Histopathological Mitosis Detection for Microscope-acquired Images.

Cancer outcomes are poor in resource-limited countries owing to high costs and insufficient pathologist-population ratio. The advent of digital pathology has assisted in improving cancer outcomes, however, Whole Slide Image scanners are expensive and not affordable in low-income countries. Microscope-acquired images on the other hand are cheap to collect and can be more viable for automation of cancer detection.

Toward interpretable and generalized mitosis detection in digital pathology using deep learning.

Objective: The mitotic activity index is an important prognostic factor in the diagnosis of cancer. The task of mitosis detection is difficult as the nuclei are microscopic in size and partially labeled, and there are many more non-mitotic nuclei compared to mitotic ones. In this paper, we highlight the challenges of current mitosis detection pipelines and propose a method to tackle these challenges.

Acceptance, availability, and feasibility of RTS, S/AS01 malaria vaccine: A review.

Introduction: In malaria-stricken regions, malaria continues to be one of the primary causes of mortality for children. The number of malaria-related fatalities has drastically decreased because of artemisinin-based pharmacological regimens.

Methods: Two independent researchers did a comprehensive literature search using PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar from its inception to September 2022.

Body Mass Index and Other Risk Factors Effects on Colon Cancer Prognosis in Pakistan.

Introduction: Asian developing countries share the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) with rising mortality rates. This prospective study aims to apprehend the clinical relevance of age, gender, lifestyle choices (dietary habits and addiction) and body mass index (BMI) to the occurrence and progression of colon cancer (CC).

Methods: A cohort of non-cancer (NC) and CC patients of South-Central Asian origin registered for screening colonoscopy or surgery at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre (SKMCH and RC), Lahore, Pakistan, from 2015 to 2020 was identified.

Factors leading to delayed and challenging presentation of benign breast lumps in young females.

Background And Objective: A delayed presentation of benign breast diseases may lead to a therapeutic challenge when they enlarge enormously or become multiple. Aim of this study was to evaluate the factors leading to delayed presentation of benign breast lumps.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Madinah Teaching Hospital and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad from January 2019 to October 2021.

Genetic Inheritance of Stripe Rust () Resistance in Bread Wheat Breeding Lines at Seedling and Maturity Stages.

One hundred and five (105) bread wheat ( L.) genotypes, including five commercial checks, were screened for stripe rust resistance at seedling and adult plant stages. Seedlings grown under controlled conditions were screened for disease resistance after 12 days concerning disease incidence percentage after inoculation.

Expression of cornulin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

The aim of the study is to identify cornulin (CRNN) protein expression associated with advancement of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). A comparison of addictive (containing potential carcinogens) versus non-addiction causative agents was expected to allow detection of differences in CRNN expression associated with TSCC. Bespoke tissue microarrays (TMAs) were prepared and immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed to determine the changes in CRNN expression in epithelial cells of node-negative (pN-), node-positive (pN+) TSCC and non-cancer patients' oral tissues.

Proteomics analysis of colon cancer progression.

Background: The aim of this pilot study was to identify proteins associated with advancement of colon cancer (CC).

Methods: A quantitative proteomics approach was used to determine the global changes in the proteome of primary colon cancer from patients with non-cancer normal colon (NC), non-adenomatous colon polyp (NAP), non-metastatic tumor (CC NM) and metastatic tumor (CC M) tissues, to identify up- and down-regulated proteins. Total protein was extracted from each biopsy, trypsin-digested, iTRAQ-labeled and the resulting peptides separated using strong cation exchange (SCX) and reverse-phase (RP) chromatography on-line to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).

Risk factors associated with poor outcome in diabetic foot ulcer patients.

Background/aim: Diabetic foot ulcers and related complications are a major cause of morbidity and hospital admissions. Our aim was to evaluate the risk factors associated with poor outcome in diabetic foot ulcers.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients with diabetic foot ulceration attending the Madinah Teaching Hospital from June 2014 to December 2015.

Patterns of cancer cell sphere formation in primary cultures of human oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and neck nodes.

Recently a sub-population of cells with stem cell characteristics, reported to be associated with initiation, growth, spread and recurrence, has been identified in several solid tumors including oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). The aim of our pilot study was to isolate CD44+ cancer stem cells from primary cultures of OTSCC and neck node Level I (node-I) biopsies, grow cell spheres and observe their characteristics in primary cultures. Parallel cultures of hyperplastic lesions of tongue (non-cancer) were set up as a control.

Use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry in cancer research.

Cancer significantly affects millions of people worldwide. It is possible to use proteomic techniques to aid in detection, monitoring of treatment and progression, as well as gaining an increased understanding of cancer. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) mass spectrometry can be utilised to detect the presence of proteins and peptides within various samples from the body, including blood, biological fluids and tumour tissue.

c-Kit and stem cell factor regulate PANC-1 cell differentiation into insulin- and glucagon-producing cells.

Recent evidence has shown that stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor, c-Kit, have an important role in pancreatic islet development by promoting islet cell differentiation and proliferation. In this study, we examined the role of c-Kit and SCF in the differentiation and proliferation of insulin- and glucagon-producing cells using a human pancreatic duct cell line (PANC-1). Our study showed that increased expression of endocrine cell markers (such as insulin and glucagon) and transcription factors (such as PDX-1 and PAX-6) coincided with a decrease in CK19(+) and c-Kit(+) cells (P<0.

beta1 integrin/FAK/ERK signalling pathway is essential for human fetal islet cell differentiation and survival.

beta1 integrin and collagen matrix interactions regulate the survival of cells by associating with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and initiating MAPK/ERK signalling, but little is known about these signalling pathways during human fetal islet ontogeny. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether beta1 integrin/FAK activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway regulates human fetal islet cell expression of endocrine cell markers and survival. Isolated human (18-21 weeks fetal age) islet-epithelial cell clusters, cultured on collagen I, were examined using beta1 integrin blocking antibody, beta1 integrin siRNA and FAK expression vector.

Compound palmar ganglion with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Compound palmer ganglion is an uncommon condition characterized by a swelling in the distal part of volar aspect of wrist and communicating with another swelling over palm across the flexor retinaculum. It commonly results from tuberculous tenosynovitis. It may lead to carpal tunnel syndrome and need surgical excision with division of flexor retinaculum.