The hepatoprotective role of Silymarin in isoniazid induced liver damage of rabbits.

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective role of Silymarin against isonicotinylhydrazine-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbit model.

Methods: The experimental animal study was held at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from April to September 2013 and comprised rabbits weighing 1-1.5kgof either gender.

High anion gap metabolic acidosis secondary to pyroglutamic aciduria (5-oxoprolinuria): association with prescription drugs and malnutrition.

Two cases of High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) due to pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline) are described. In both cases the HAGMA developed during an episode of hospital treatment, in conjunction with paracetamol and antibiotic prescription, and the surviving patient made an uneventful recovery after the drugs were withdrawn. Clinicians need to be aware of this cause for metabolic acidosis because it may be a more common metabolic disturbance in compromised patients than would be expected, and the discontinuation of drugs implicated in the aetiology is therapeutic.

Tissue oxygenation and perfusion in patients with systemic sepsis.

Objective: Multiple organ dysfunction is associated with systemic sepsis. To investigate whether this is attributable to peripheral tissue hypoperfusion and/or cellular hypoxia, simultaneous measurements of tissue perfusion and oxygenation were made in patients with severe sepsis and in controls.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Abnormal tissue oxygenation and cardiovascular changes in endotoxemia.

Experimental sepsis induces disturbances in microcirculatory flow and nutrient exchange that may result in impaired tissue oxygenation. Volume resuscitation is a principal clinical intervention in patients with sepsis. Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of endotoxemia, but few data exist concerning the effects of either NO synthase inhibition (NOSi) or volume resuscitation on microvascular regulation and tissue oxygenation.

Tissue oxygenation and perfusion in endotoxemia.

Sepsis is believed to induce disturbances in microcirculatory flow and nutrient exchange, which may result in impaired tissue oxygenation. With the use of an established rat model of endotoxemia, voltametric measurements were made of skeletal muscle (tissue) oxygen tension (PtO2) and its response to inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2). Steady-state nutritive flow and the response of endotoxemic muscle to ischemia-reperfusion were also measured.