Accidentology of electric scooters.

The proliferation of electric scooters in urban areas is responsible for a growing number of serious injuries to the head and mostly to the face. The risk factors are related to the design of the machines, the user, the sharing of public space in urban centers and the lack of respect for prevention rules. Each one of these parameters deserves corrections to be applicable in this social phenomenon.

[Specificities of war surgery, and capacities of the military health service].

In view of the recent evolution of military conflicts, particularly in the Afghan theater, and the conditions in which wounded warriors are managed in the field prior to hospitalization, the authors examine the technical specificities of medical teams, based on studies of avoidable mortality. War surgery has become a separate specialty, following the disappearance in France of the general surgical specialty, of which it was the military coun-terpart. The authors stress the role of hemorrhaging and its treatment, based on three strategies: damage control resuscitation, blood transfusion, and early evacuation within the "golden hour ".

[Military telemedicine: a network of networks].

Military telemedicine is a form of collaborative medicine based on the use of communication and information networks. It is more a network of networks than of independent systems. It comprises electronic medical files, epidemiological networks, and surgical and medical databases.

[Army surgeons and natal artery, a long connection: on the biography of Paul-Athanase Champenois].

Very frequently quoted in surgical medicine treaties, Champenois, a brilliant military surgeon associated his name to the technique used to control trauma hemorrhages of the superior gluteal artery. Even though current advances have made checking of the internal iliac artery easy, this surgeon's princeps document in 1871 deserves to be known and considered as a model. The authors review the highlights of this medical officer's military career made of overseas campaigns alternating with excellent scientific publications which can serve as examples.

[One hundred years ago --Jules Fontan and the wounded heart].

On the event of the centennial of the first wound of the left ventricule cured by suture, the author recalls the conditions under which Jules Fontan, surgeon of the Navy, obtained this memorable success. He recalls the first observation and analysed the obstacles which this surgeon had to overcome to finally open the era of surgical treatment of heart wounds caused by knife fights. A comparative study of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches implemented one hundred years later highlights the advances made in the area of heart wound surgery and also in planned heart surgery for which the 20th century will remain of all achievements.

[Surgical activity at the military health service antenna during the Turquoise operation in Rwanda June-August 1994].

The military health service provided a surgery antenna during the two months of the Turquoise operation in Zaire and Rwanda. During this period, the antenna functioned as a back-up station for the French troop and the local populations subjected to various conditions: Rwanda refugees who had escaped the massacres, subjects wounded by canon shots, war wounds, surgery emergencies in the refugee population. There were 315 operations performed including 33% in children and 70% for lesions of the limbs.

Hormone-dependent, aggressive angiomyxoma of the vulva.

Background: Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare neoplasm of undetermined etiology that occurs mainly in the female vulva and perineum. It tends to recur but does not metastasize. This case report describes findings suggestive of the possible hormone dependency of this neoplasm.

[Synovial sarcoma of the abdominal wall. Apropos of a case].

On the basis of one case of malignant synovioma exceptionally located in the abdominal wall and of a review of the literature, the authors give the highlights on the current clinicopathological, evolutive and prognostic data shared by all malignant synoviomas, whatever their location. Finally, they discuss the specific diagnostic and therapeutic issues of the abdominal site.

[Non-gynecologic fluid images of pelvis. Ultrasonic study].

From a series of 6,573 echographic surveys of pelvis in male and female, the authors point out 789 liquid images among them 82 are non gynecologic lesions. A statistical study of the different observed etiologies is proposed and compared with those of the literature. The main cases observed are gathered under several items: abscess, hematomas, urinary, digestive and vascular images and studied semiologically.

[Approaches to the semilunar bone and their indications].

The authors review incisions for exposure of the lunate bone and describe them in detail. They study the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, then consider their indications in peri-lunar luxation, scapholunar luxation and Kienboeck's disease. They emphasize the interest of the palmar routes in all cases, except for scapho-lunar luxation.