Comparison of safety and efficacy of Netarsudil 0.02% and Bimatoprost 0.01% monotherapy and combination therapy in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Purpose: To study and compare the efficacy and safety profile of Rho-kinase inhibitor (netarsudil 0.02%) and prostaglandin analog (bimatoprost 0.01%) both as monotherapy and in combination.

A Case of Neuroretinitis following Inactivated Virion COVID-19 Vaccination.

Purpose: We report a rare presentation of neuroretinitis following vaccination with inactivated virion vaccine (COVAXIN).

Methods: Interventional Case Report.

Observation: A 14-year-old female presented with sudden unilateral vision loss 3 days following COVID-19 vaccination.

The Epigenetic Control of the Transposable Element Life Cycle in Plant Genomes and Beyond.

Within the life cycle of a living organism, another life cycle exists for the selfish genome inhabitants, which are called transposable elements (TEs). These mobile sequences invade, duplicate, amplify, and diversify within a genome, increasing the genome's size and generating new mutations. Cells act to defend their genome, but rather than permanently destroying TEs, they use chromatin-level repression and epigenetic inheritance to silence TE activity.

Soybean aphids adapted to host-plant resistance by down regulating putative effectors and up regulating transposable elements.

In agricultural systems, crops equipped with host-plant resistance (HPR) have enhanced protection against pests, and are used as a safe and sustainable tool in pest management. In soybean, HPR can control the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), but certain aphid populations have overcome this resistance (i.e.

The current revolution in transposable element biology enabled by long reads.

Technological advancement in DNA sequencing read-length has drastically changed the quality and completeness of decoded genomes. The aim of this article is not to describe the different technologies of long-read sequencing, or the widely appreciated power of this technology in genome sequencing, assembly, and gene annotation. Instead, in this article, we provide our opinion that with the exception of genome production, transposable element biology is the most radically altered field as a consequence of the advent of long-read sequencing technology.

Convergent horizontal gene transfer and cross-talk of mobile nucleic acids in parasitic plants.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the movement and genomic integration of DNA across species boundaries, is commonly associated with bacteria and other microorganisms, but functional HGT (fHGT) is increasingly being recognized in heterotrophic parasitic plants that obtain their nutrients and water from their host plants through direct haustorial feeding. Here, in the holoparasitic stem parasite Cuscuta, we identify 108 transcribed and probably functional HGT events in Cuscuta campestris and related species, plus 42 additional regions with host-derived transposon, pseudogene and non-coding sequences. Surprisingly, 18 Cuscuta fHGTs were acquired from the same gene families by independent HGT events in Orobanchaceae parasites, and the majority are highly expressed in the haustorial feeding structures in both lineages.

The RNA Export Factor ALY1 Enables Genome-Wide RNA-Directed DNA Methylation.

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is a set of mechanisms by which transcriptionally repressive DNA and histone methylation are targeted to viruses, transposable elements, and some transgenes. We identified an Arabidopsis () mutant in which all forms of RdDM are deficient, leading to transcriptional activation of some transposable elements and the inability to initiate transgene silencing. The corresponding gene, , encodes an RNA binding nuclear export protein.

MicroRNAs from the parasitic plant Cuscuta campestris target host messenger RNAs.

Dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are obligate parasitic plants that obtain water and nutrients from the stems of host plants via specialized feeding structures called haustoria. Dodder haustoria facilitate bidirectional movement of viruses, proteins and mRNAs between host and parasite, but the functional effects of these movements are not known.

Comparative genomics of two jute species and insight into fibre biogenesis.

Jute (Corchorus sp.) is one of the most important sources of natural fibre, covering ∼80% of global bast fibre production. Only Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis are commercially cultivated, though there are more than 100 Corchorus species in the Malvaceae family.

Comprehensive Annotation of Physcomitrella patens Small RNA Loci Reveals That the Heterochromatic Short Interfering RNA Pathway Is Largely Conserved in Land Plants.

Many plant small RNAs are sequence-specific negative regulators of target mRNAs and/or chromatin. In angiosperms, the two most abundant endogenous small RNA populations are usually 21-nucleotide microRNAs (miRNAs) and 24-nucleotide heterochromatic short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Heterochromatic siRNAs are derived from repetitive regions and reinforce DNA methylation at targeted loci.

A stable RNA G-quadruplex within the 5'-UTR of Arabidopsis thaliana ATR mRNA inhibits translation.

Guanine quadruplex structures (GQSs) play important roles in the regulation of gene expression and cellular processes. Recent studies provide strong evidence for the formation and function of DNA and RNA GQSs in human cells. However, whether GQSs form and are functional in plants remains essentially unexplored.

Seeing the forest for the trees: annotating small RNA producing genes in plants.

A key goal in genomics is the complete annotation of the expressed regions of the genome. In plants, substantial portions of the genome make regulatory small RNAs produced by Dicer-Like (DCL) proteins and utilized by Argonaute (AGO) proteins. These include miRNAs and various types of endogenous siRNAs.

Identification and annotation of small RNA genes using ShortStack.

Highly parallel sequencing of cDNA derived from endogenous small RNAs (small RNA-seq) is a key method that has accelerated understanding of regulatory small RNAs in eukaryotes. Eukaryotic regulatory small RNAs, which include microRNAs (miRNAs), short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and Piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs), typically derive from the processing of longer precursor RNAs. Alignment of small RNA-seq data to a reference genome allows the inference of the longer precursor and thus the annotation of small RNA producing genes.

Prediction of plant promoters based on hexamers and random triplet pair analysis.

Background: With an increasing number of plant genome sequences, it has become important to develop a robust computational method for detecting plant promoters. Although a wide variety of programs are currently available, prediction accuracy of these still requires further improvement. The limitations of these methods can be addressed by selecting appropriate features for distinguishing promoters and non-promoters.

Physiology and gene expression of the rice landrace Horkuch under salt stress.

Good donors in breeding for salt tolerance are a prerequisite for food security under changing climatic conditions. Horkuch, a farmer-popular salt tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety from the south-west coast of Bangladesh was characterised up to maturity under NaCl stress, together with a modern variety (BRRI dhan41), a sensitive control (BRRI dhan29) and Pokkali, the salt-tolerant benchmark for rice.