Impact of graded levels of coated calcium butyrate on growth performance and serological indices during pre-weaning stage in Holstein calves.

The study aimed to analyze the impact of calcium butyrate supplementation in calf starter on growth performance indices associated with early rumen development to decrease the volume of milk or milk replacer feeding and enhance early starter intake in Holstein calves. For this purpose, twelve Holstein calves were randomly assigned into three treatments (n = 4/treatment); a control without coated calcium butyrate, T1, and T2 treatments supplemented with coated calcium butyrate 3 g and 6 g per day/head, respectively. Body weight was measured at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 of the trial, and the average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were determined.

Genomic landscape of alpha-variant of SARS-CoV-2 circulated in Pakistan.

In this study, we investigated the genomic variability of alpha-VOC of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan, in context of the global population of this variant. A set of 461 whole-genome sequences of Pakistani samples of alpha-variant, retrieved from GISAID, were aligned in MAFFT and used as an input to the Coronapp web-application. Phylogenetic tree was constructed through maximum-likelihood method by downloading the 100 whole-genome sequences of alpha-variant for each of the 12 countries having the largest number of Pakistani diasporas.

Molecular investigation of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains isolated from wastewater streams in Pakistan.

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health issue and it is even more daunting in developing countries. The main objective of present study was to investigate molecular responses of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The 48 bacterial strains, which were previously isolated and identified were subjected to disc diffusion and MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) determination, followed by investigating the production of the three beta-lactamases (ESBLs (Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamases), MBLs (Metallo Beta-lactamases), AmpCs) and exploring prevalence of the two antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs); and .