Facial morphology analysis of children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate in a local population.

Objectives: To study the facial morphology in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate by applying numerical facial analysis on photographs for planning and evaluating treatment outcomes.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted from March 2020 to July 2020 in the Department of Oral Pathology, University of Health Sciences and Cleft Lip and Palate Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. A total of 104 patients of both genders with an age range from three months to thirteen years were included.

The Effect of Teaching Professionalism by Using Real Lifetime Scenarios in Undergraduate Medical Students: An Educational Trial.

Introduction: The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of teaching professionalism by real lifetime scenario to undergraduate MBBS medical students.

Methods: This comparative quasi-experimental trial was conducted in OBS/GYN department from May 2019 to Jan 2020. The final year MBBS students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore, who attended the clinical rotation of Gynae OBS were enrolled in the study using consecutive sampling.

Perceived usefulness of medical teachers towards online learning using technology acceptance model.

Objective: To determine medical teachers' acceptance of and attitude towards online learning, and to gather their recommendations about how it can be incorporated in the educational system.

Methods: The mixed method study was conducted at Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala, Pakistan, from August 2021 to January 2022, and comprised medical teachers involved in online teaching during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Quantitative data was gathered using an online questionnaire based on the technology acceptance model.

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Clinico-pathological features in relation to Tumor Stage; AJCC 2018 perspective.

Objective: To investigate the association between clinicopathological findings and tumor stage according to AJCC 2018 guidelines in patients suffering from Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods: A descriptive study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2020 at King Edward Medical University and University of Health Sciences on a total of 49 patients enrolled after obtaining written informed consent. Clinical and radiographic findings were recorded.

Perceptions of Lady Health Workers and their trainers about their curriculum for implementing the interventions identified for Essential Package of Health Services for Pakistan.

Background And Objectives: Lady Health Workers (LHWs) form the central cadre of community-based health workers in Pakistan. They must be trained well for implementing community-based interventions identified for Essential Package of Health Services (EPHS) by the government of Pakistan. This study aims to explore the perceptions of LHWs and their trainers about their existing curriculum and identifies gaps in the curriculum for effective implementation of the interventions identified in EPHS.

Where Do International Medical Graduates Matriculate for Internal Medicine Training? A National Longitudinal Study.

Introduction: In 2020, roughly 25% of applicants who matched into internal medicine (IM) residencies were international medical graduates (IMGs). We examine 12-year trends in distribution of IMGs among IM training programs and explore differences in program perceptions towards IMG recruitment.

Methods: Since 2007, Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine Annual Surveys have collected data about trainees by medical school graduate type.

Immunohistochemical expression of MUC4 in different grades of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: To determine immunohistochemical expression of Mucin 4 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its different histological grades among patients reporting to various tertiary care hospitals in an urban setting.

Methods: The descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology / Morbid Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, from January to July 2017 and comprised cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Histological diagnosis and grading was done for each case.

Cardiac sarcoidosis requiring ICD placement and immune thrombocytopenia following alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis.

Alemtuzumab, an effective disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis, carries a significant risk of secondary autoimmunity. We present a case of cardiac sarcoidosis and immune thrombocytopenia diagnosed in an MS patient two years after completing alemtuzumab treatment. We hypothesize that alemtuzumab-induced changes to the T regulatory cell population may be implicated in the development of sarcoidosis in MS patients.

Does Increased Schedule Flexibility Lead to Change? A National Survey of Program Directors on 2017 Work Hours Requirements.

Background: The learning and working environment for resident physicians shifted dramatically over the past two decades, with increased focus on work hours, resident wellness, and patient safety. Following two multi-center randomized trials comparing 16-h work limits for PGY-1 trainees to more flexible rules, the ACGME implemented new flexible work hours standards in 2017.

Objective: We sought to determine program directors' (PDs) support for the work hour changes and programmatic response.

Marital Status as a Stress Indicator in Postgraduate Dental Students.

The objective of this study was to explore perceived causes of stress and to analyse the influence of marital status and gender as indicators of these causes. Modified Graduate Dental Stress Environment Questionnaire was used on postgraduate students of basic dental sciences at a public sector university in Pakistan. Mean±SD was calculated for all stress-related items and statistical analysis was done through Mann Whitney-U test and multiple linear regression analysis.

The Correlation of Stress in Residency With Future Stress and Burnout: A 10-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Residents and practicing physicians displaying signs of stress is common. It is unclear whether stress during residency persists into professional practice or is associated with future burnout.

Objective: We assessed the persistence of stress after residency and its correlation with burnout in professional practice.

Angina bullous haemorrhagica: Case report and review of literature.

Angina Bullosa Haemorrhagica (ABH) is a benign lesion of the oral cavity categorized by sudden onset of single or multiple blood filled lesions that burst leaving an ulcer that usually heals in 7-10 days without leaving a scar. We report a case of ABH diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical examination and blood, renal and liver function tests. The case findings and its management is discussed.

Postinterview Communications: Two Surveys of Internal Medicine Residency Program Directors Before and After Guideline Implementation.

Purpose: Guidelines surrounding postinterview communication (PIC) after residency interviews were issued by the National Resident Matching Program and Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine. How they have influenced PIC and program directors' (PDs') reasons for PIC is unknown.

Method: Annual surveys of 365 U.

Awareness of Bullying in Residency: Results of a National Survey of Internal Medicine Program Directors.

Background: Bullying of medical trainees is believed to occur more frequently in medical education than once thought.

Objective: We conducted a survey to understand internal medicine program director (PD) perspectives and awareness about bullying in their residency programs.

Methods: The 2015 Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine (APDIM) annual survey was e-mailed to 368 of 396 PDs with APDIM membership, representing 93% of internal medicine residency programs.

Networking Matters: A Social Network Analysis of the Association of Program Directors of Internal Medicine.

: Networking has positive effects on career development; however, personal characteristics of group members such as gender or diversity may foster or hinder member connectedness. Social network analysis explores interrelationships between people in groups by measuring the strength of connection between all possible pairs in a given network. Social network analysis has rarely been used to examine network connections among members in an academic medical society.

When Old Habits Train a New Generation: Findings From a National Survey of Internal Medicine Program Directors on Procedural Training.

Resident physicians routinely perform bedside procedures that pose substantial risk to patients. However, no standard programmatic approach to supervision and procedural competency assessment among residents currently exists. The authors performed a national survey of internal medicine (IM) program directors to examine procedural assessment and supervision practices of IM residency programs.

Do medical residents perform patient-centered medical home tasks? A mixed-methods study.

Background: Increasingly, residents are being trained in Patient-centered Medical Home (PCMH) settings. A set of PCMH entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for residents has been defined but not evaluated in practice.

Objective: To understand whether residents trained at PCMH sites reported higher likelihood of engaging in PCMH tasks than those training in non-PCMH sites.

E-learning in graduate medical education: survey of residency program directors.

Background: E-learning-the use of Internet technologies to enhance knowledge and performance-has become a widely accepted instructional approach. Little is known about the current use of e-learning in postgraduate medical education. To determine utilization of e-learning by United States internal medicine residency programs, program director (PD) perceptions of e-learning, and associations between e-learning use and residency program characteristics.

Flipped Classrooms in Graduate Medical Education: A National Survey of Residency Program Directors.

Purpose: To begin to quantify and understand the use of the flipped classroom (FC)-a progressive, effective, curricular model-in internal medicine (IM) education in relation to residency program and program director (PD) characteristics.

Method: The authors conducted a survey that included the Flipped Classroom Perception Instrument (FCPI) in 2015 regarding programs' use and PDs' perceptions of the FC model.

Results: Among the 368 IM residency programs, PDs at 227 (61.

Internal Medicine Residency Program Directors' Views of the Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency: An Opportunity to Enhance Communication of Competency Along the Continuum.

Purpose: To examine internal medicine (IM) residency program directors' (PDs') perspectives on the Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency (Core EPAs)-introduced into undergraduate medical education to further competency-based assessment-and on communicating competency-based information during transitions.

Method: A spring 2015 Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine survey asked PDs of U.S.