Impact of pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy parameters on meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam pharmacokinetics: an model.

Background: Limited data exist on how continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) affects antimicrobial dosing in pediatric patients. This study examined the impact of pediatric CRRT parameters on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam using an in vitro CRRT model.

Research Design And Methods: An in vitro CRRT model with a pediatric ST60 circuit was used to assess antimicrobial clearance during continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) or hemofiltration (CVVH).

Optimization of vigabatrin dosage in children with epileptic spasms: A population pharmacokinetic approach.

Aims: Vigabatrin is an antiepileptic drug used to treat some forms of severe epilepsy in children. The main adverse effect is ocular toxicity, which is related to the cumulative dose. The aim of the study is to identify an acceptable exposure range, both through the development of a population pharmacokinetic model of vigabatrin in children enabling us to calculate patient exposure and through the study of therapeutic response.

Systemic complement activation influences outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: A prospective French multicenter trial.

Complement activation has shown a role in murine models of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and in endothelial complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, its impact on post-transplant outcomes has not been so far fully elucidated. Here, we conducted a prospective multicentric trial (NCT01520623) performing serial measurements of complement proteins, regulators, and CH50 activity for 12 weeks after allo-HSCT in 85 patients receiving a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen for various hematological malignancies.

Alternative routes for tranexamic acid treatment in obstetric bleeding (WOMAN-PharmacoTXA trial): a randomised trial and pharmacological study in caesarean section births.

Objective: To examine the safety, efficacy and pharmacology of intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral tranexamic acid (TXA) use in pregnant women.

Design: Randomised, open-label trial.

Setting: Hospitals in Pakistan and Zambia.

Total and Unbound Pharmacokinetics of Cefiderocol in Critically Ill Patients.

Background: Cefiderocol is a siderophore cephalosporin antibiotic active against Gram-negative bacteria, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing strains. The pharmacokinetics of cefiderocol has been studied in healthy subjects and particularly in phase II and III studies. This retrospective study investigated intravenous cefiderocol population pharmacokinetics in adult patients treated by cefiderocol.

Piperacillin Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Regimen Optimization in Critically Ill Children Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

We aimed to develop a piperacillin population pharmacokinetic (PK) model in critically ill children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and to optimize dosing regimens. The piperacillin plasma concentration was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Piperacillin PK was investigated using a nonlinear mixed-effect modeling approach.

Meropenem Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Regimen Optimization in Critically Ill Children Receiving Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

Background And Objective: We aimed to develop a meropenem population pharmacokinetic model in critically ill children receiving continuous renal replacement therapy and simulate dosing regimens to optimize patient exposure.

Methods: Meropenem plasma concentration was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Meropenem pharmacokinetics was investigated using a non-linear mixed-effect modeling approach.

Amiodarone/N-desethylamiodarone population pharmacokinetics in paediatric patients.

The population pharmacokinetics of amiodarone and its active metabolite, N-desethylamiodarone (DEA) were investigated in paediatric patients with arrhythmias, mainly supraventricular tachycardias. A total of 55 patients from the Department of Pediatric Intensive Care and Pediatric Cardiology at Necker-Enfants malades Hospital (Paris, France) provided 72 concentrations for both amiodarone and DEA following repeated oral or intravenous administration. Blood samples drawn for biological analyses were used for drug concentrations.

Comparison of three galenic forms of lamivudine in young West African children living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Background: Few pharmacokinetic data were reported on dispersible tablets despite their increasing use. One hundred fifty HIV-infected children receiving lamivudine were enrolled in the MONOD ANRS 12,206 trial. Three galenic forms were administered: liquid formulation, tablet form and dispersible scored tablet.

Ciprofloxacin population pharmacokinetics during long-term treatment of osteoarticular infections.

Background: Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic used in osteoarticular infections owing to its very good bone penetration. Very few pharmacokinetic data are available in this population.

Objectives: To investigate oral ciprofloxacin population pharmacokinetics in adult patients treated for osteoarticular infections and propose guidance for more effective dosing.

Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and Ductus Arteriosus Closure After Premature Birth.

In preterm infants, a high risk of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) exists and its persistence is associated with an increased risk of severe morbidity. Current pharmacological options include ibuprofen or indomethacin. However, treatment by indomethacin or ibuprofen of a large PDA was shown to reduce early pulmonary hemorrhage and later medical treatment but had no effect on neonatal death or morbidity.

Evaluation of Hydroxychloroquine Blood Concentrations and Effects in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an antimalarial agent given to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as first-line therapy. It alleviates childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus cSLE skin and musculoskeletal disease, decreasing disease activity and flares. HCQ concentration-effect relationships in children remains unknown.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dosage required to reach circulating levels that inhibit SARS-Cov-2 are extrapolated from pharmacokinetic data in non-COVID-19 patients.

Methods: We performed a population-pharmacokinetic analysis from 104 consecutive COVID-19 hospitalized patients (31 in intensive care units, 73 in medical wards, n=149 samples). Plasma HCQ concentration were measured using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection.

Forecasting the Patients Flow at Pediatric Emergency Departments.

Emergency departments (EDs) have a key role in the public health system. They are facing a constant growth of their volume. Forecasting the daily volume is a major tool to adapt the allocation of resources.

Population pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine used for local infiltration anaesthesia during primary total unilateral and simultaneous bilateral knee arthroplasty.

Background: Ropivacaine is commonly used in local infiltration anaesthesia (LIA) as pain management after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although considered safe, no studies evaluated the pharmacokinetics of high-dose ropivacaine infiltration in simultaneous bilateral TKA.

Methods: We studied 13 patients undergoing unilateral and 15 undergoing bilateral TKA.

Pharmacokinetics of intramuscular tranexamic acid in bleeding trauma patients: a clinical trial.

Background: Intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding deaths after injury and childbirth. It is most effective when given early. In many countries, pre-hospital care is provided by people who cannot give i.

Estimation of piperacillin clearance with different glomerular filtration rate formulas in critically ill children.

Aims: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is difficult to assess in critically ill children using gold standard method and alternatives are needed. This study aimed to determine the most accurate GFR estimation formula for assessing piperacillin clearance in critically ill children, using a published piperacillin pharmacokinetics (PK) population model.

Methods: All children hospitalized in the paediatric intensive care unit of a single institution who were receiving piperacillin were included.

Perinatal Antiretroviral Intensification to Prevent Intrapartum HIV Transmission When Antenatal Antiretroviral Therapy Is Initiated Less Than 8 Weeks Before Delivery.

Introduction: Infants born to women living with HIV initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) late in pregnancy are at high risk of intrapartum infection. Mother/infant perinatal antiretroviral intensification may substantially reduce this risk.

Methods: In this single-arm Bayesian trial, pregnant women with HIV receiving standard of care antiretroviral prophylaxis in Thailand (maternal antenatal lopinavir-based cART; nonbreastfed infants 4 weeks' postnatal zidovudine) were offered "antiretroviral intensification" (labor single-dose nevirapine plus infant zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine for 2 weeks followed by zidovudine-lamivudine for 2 weeks) if their antenatal cART was initiated ≤8 weeks before delivery.

Tumor burden and location as prognostic factors in patients treated by iodine seed implant brachytherapy for localized prostate cancers.

Background: Iodine seed implant brachytherapy is indicated for low risk and selected favorable intermediate risk prostate cancers. A percentage of positive biopsies > 50% is usually considered as a contra-indication, and the tumor location could also influence the treatment efficacy. We studied the association of the percentage of positive biopsy cores, and tumor location, with progression-free survival.