Soil nematode metacommunities in different land covers: Assessment at the local and regional scales.

The metacommunity theory enhances our understanding of how ecological processes regulate community structure. Yet, unraveling the complexities of soil nematode metacommunity structures across various spatial scales and determining the factors influencing these patterns remains challenging. Therefore, we conducted an investigation on soil nematode metacommunities spanning from north to south in the Northeastern China.

A slow-fast trait continuum at the whole community level in relation to land-use intensification.

Organismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, whether there is synchronisation of these strategies at the entire community level is unclear. Here, we combine trait data for >2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands.

Taxonomic diversity and abundance of enchytraeids (Annelida, Clitellata, Enchytraeida) in the Northern Palaearctic. 1. Asian part.

Background: Enchytraeids, or potworms, are tiny oligochaetes that are distributed worldwide in many terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Despite their key role in the functioning of ecosystems, the diversity and abundance of Enchytraeidae are rarely studied due to the laborious process of species identification. The present study addresses this gap and sheds some light on the distribution and abundance of enchytraeids in the lands of the Northern Palearctic.

Global fine-resolution data on springtail abundance and community structure.

Springtails (Collembola) inhabit soils from the Arctic to the Antarctic and comprise an estimated ~32% of all terrestrial arthropods on Earth. Here, we present a global, spatially-explicit database on springtail communities that includes 249,912 occurrences from 44,999 samples and 2,990 sites. These data are mainly raw sample-level records at the species level collected predominantly from private archives of the authors that were quality-controlled and taxonomically-standardised.

Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails.

Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown.

Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Oligochaeta) from Eastern Dagestan, Russia, with the description of a new species.

The first ever list of terrestrial enchytraeids of Eastern Dagestan includes 12 species belonging to five genera. Several species from studied localities may be assigned as undescribed, therefore additional comprehensive research of enchytraeid fauna from Eastern Dagestan is required. A new enchytraeid species of the genus Fridericia Michaelsen, 1889, Fridericia samurai sp.

Forest fire induces short-term shifts in soil food webs with consequences for carbon cycling.

We tested for fire-induced (5-6 years post-fire) changes in the structure and functioning of the soil food web along a 3000-km north-south transect across European Russia, spanning all major forest types in the northern hemisphere outside the tropics. The total biomass of the detrital food web, including microbes and invertebrates, was not affected by fire. However, fire reduced the biomass of microfauna and mites, but had no impact on mesofauna or macrofauna.

Mechanisms of soil macrofauna community sustainability in temperate rice-growing systems.

Rice growing requires highly destructive and highly invasive field management negatively affecting soil biota and its functions. We aimed to compare taxonomic and functional trait compositions of soil macrofauna at different stages of rice cropping cycles in the three temperate rice-growing regions in Russia. Samples were collected in 2016 at four different biotopes in each region: flooded rice paddies; upland crops planted one year after flooded rice; rice paddy bunds; and relatively undisturbed seminatural control grasslands.

[All-Russian Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Celiac Disease in Children and Adults].

The paper presents the All-Russian consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease in children and adults, which has been elaborated by leading experts, such as gastroenterologists and pediatricians of Russia on the basis of the existing Russian and international guidelines. The consensus approved at the 42nd Annual Scientific Session of the Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology on Principles of Evidence-Based Medicine into Clinical Practice (March 2-3, 2016). The consensus is intended for practitioners engaged in the management and treatment of patients with celiac disease.

[Role of animal gastric Helicobacter species in human gastric pathology].

Animal Helicobacter species other than Helicobacter pylori are also able to cause human gastritis, gastric ulcers, and MALT lymphomas. Animal Helicobacter species are presented with typical spiral fastidious microorganisms colonizing the gastric mucosa of different animals. Bacteria initially received their provisional name Helicobacter heilmannii, and out of them at least five species colonizing the gastric mucosa of pigs, cats, and dogs were isolated later on.

[THE GEPATOPANCREATOBILIARY SYSTEM AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY].

The article presents the results of a survey of 72 patients who underwent cholecystectomy in 2008-2010. 5 years after cholecystectomy were revealed the changes in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract caused by loss of the physiological function of the gallbladder: half of patients--had increasing fasting blood sugar and duodenal reflux, in 46% of patients--were reduction of pancreatic elastase-1 in stools. According to the fractional duodenal intubation prevails hypersecretory type of bile, 35%--hypotonia, in 45%-- hypertonicity of the sphincter of Oddi.

[Factors affecting contractile function of the gall blader in patients with cholelithiasis].

In article the data on interrelation between gallbladder contractility and a level of hormones of a thyroid gland (threeiodethyronine, thyroxine, thyrotropin hormone (TTH) and antibodies to thyreoperoxidase (AT to TPO)) in plasma of blood at 470 healthy persons and 540 patients with gallstone disease are submitted. The contractility function of a gallbladder on ultrasonic at persons with gallstone disease is authentic less, than at healthy persons. Dysfunction of a thyroid gland is found out in women with gallstone disease: increase TTH and AT to TPO.

[Investigation on mice of the common toxicity of methyl-tert-butyl ether, substance for contact chemical litholys of cholesterol stones in a gallbladder].

Introduction: Methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is used at contact chemical dissolution (CCD) of cholesterol gallstones since 1981. However no abroad, no in Russia on MTBE the sanction as on a medical product is not received.

Aim: to determine parameters of common toxicity MTBE at white mice.

[Comparison of various diagnostic methods of Helicobacter infection].

Purpose Of Investigation: There has been conducted comparison of the most wide-spread methods of diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: histologic, cytologic, method of polymerase chain reaction (PMCR) and respiratory urease Xelic-test on the method of AMA firm.

Materials And Methods: 1118 patients participated in the investigation, 403 patients were investigated by urease test and 50 ones were investigated by method of PMCR. The results of investigations were compared by means of correlative and variational analysis.

[Contact chemical litholysis of gallbladder stones with methyl tert-butyl ether. Personal experience].

The purpose of the work is to estimate the efficiency and follow-ups of the contact chemical litholysis (CCL) of gallstones with methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE). The CCL has been carried to 5 women with plural (10-15) radiolucent gallstones, who refused from cholecystectomy. The percutaneous transhepatic puncture of the gallbladder has been executed to them under X-ray and ultrasonic control.

[Is there any alternative to cholecystolithiasis surgery?].

The article summarizes the data of the national and foreign literature on methods of conservative managements of patients with cholelithiasis. The article also discloses modern points of view (indications, contra-indications, efficacy, etc.) on the application of the litholytic therapy with peroral bile acids and extracorporal shock-wave lithotripsy at cholecystolithiasis.

[Paramagnetic centers of some biological media in cholecystitis patients].

Aim: To study paramagnetic centers (PMC) of some biological media in cholecystitis patients.

Materials And Methods: PMC of 81 patients with chronic acalculous cholecystitis and 29 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis were examined using 3-cm radiospectrometer "Rubin" employing low-temperature fixation of biological tissues (77K).

Results: Most informative for diagnosis of cholecystitis exacerbation were the following PMC: in plasma--transferrin Fe3+ and free radicals; in duodenal portion B--Cu2+, free radicals and Mn2+.

[The effect of an extract of Baikal skullcap (Scutelleria baicalensis) on succinic acid oxidation by the brain mitochondria in rats with hypoxia].

Oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of rat brain in normobaric hypercapnic hypoxia and preventive administration of Scutellaria baicalensis extract was studied by polarography. Hypoxia causes diminution of energy of the rat brain mitochondria with separation of oxidative phosphorylation and inhibition of the reactions of rapid metabolic cluster of Krebs' cycle. Scutellaria baicalensis extract prevents diminution of energy of the brain mitochondria in hypoxia, inhibits restriction of succinate dependent energy production, and preserves intactness of the mitochondrial membranes.

[Changes in the activity of the blood antioxidant enzymes during hemodialysis of patients with terminal kidney failure].

Paramagnetic centers of the blood were investigated in 75 patients with chronic uremia (Electron Spin Resonance, 77 K). The analysis of hemodialysis action on paramagnetic centers in the blood showed that this procedure provokes gradual depression of antioxidant defense.