Fostering Prosociality in Refugee Children: An Intervention With Rohingya Children.

Prosocial behavior is a distinguishing characteristic of human nature. Although prosocial behaviors emerge early in development, contextual factors play an important role in how these behaviors are manifested over development. A large body of research focuses on the trajectory of prosocial development across diverse cultures and investigating contexts that foster it.

Enhanced Tribological Properties of Electrodeposited Fe-W Alloy Coatings through Carburization.

Carburization is a promising surface-hardening approach to maximize the tribological and mechanical properties of metals and alloys by making thin-layer surface carbides. The current study investigates the effect of carburizing on the electrodeposited Fe-W alloy coating. This process involeves the thermal decomposition of ethanol in an argon (Ar) atmosphere at varying temperatures.

On-Farm Composting of Agricultural Waste Materials for Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan.

Agriculture is the economic backbone of Pakistan. 67% of country's population resides in rural areas and primarily depends on agriculture. Pakistan's soils are poor in OM and have a low C : N ratio, and the overall fertility status is insufficient to support increased crop yields.

The Etiology of Childhood Pneumonia in Bangladesh: Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study.

Background: Pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of death among children <5 years, but its cause in most children is unknown. We estimated etiology for each child in 2 Bangladesh sites that represent rural and urban South Asian settings with moderate child mortality.

Methods: As part of the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health study, we enrolled children 1-59 months of age with World Health Organization-defined severe and very severe pneumonia, plus age-frequency-matched controls, in Matlab and Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Effect of organic solvents on solvatochromic, fluorescence, and electrochemical properties of synthesized thiazolylcoumarin derivatives.

In this present investigation, thiazolylcoumarin derivatives (5a-5k) were synthesized from thiosemicarbazide, ethyl acetoacetate, and naphthaldehyde through a multistep route. The formation of thiazolylcoumarin derivatives with bioactive scaffolds was confirmed through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A solvatochromic study of synthesized thiazolylcoumarin derivatives was carried out using ultraviolet-visible methods for dimethylformamide (DMF), ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents.

Thin debris layers do not enhance melting of the Karakoram glaciers.

The assessment of meltwater sourcing from the clean and debris-covered glaciers is scarce in High Mountain Asia (HMA). The melting rate varies with the debris cover thickness and glacier orientation. The present study quantifies glacier melting rate attributed to varying thickness of debris cover in the Karakoram.

Fluctuated water depth with high nutrient concentrations promote the invasiveness of in Wetland.

The distribution of invasive and native species in wetlands is determined by hydrological conditions; whereas conditions such as water depth fluctuations, variations in the nutrient concentrations are expected to affect the growth and physiological traits of plants. For the assessment of such effects, we conduct greenhouse experiment with three factors; 1) water depth of 5 cm and 15 cm (static and fluctuated); 2) three levels of nutrient concentrations (i) full-strength Hoagland solution (N1), (ii) ¼-strength Hoagland solution (N2), and (iii) /-strength Hoagland solution (N3); and 3) species, invasive (L.) and its congener, native (Osbeck.

Performance and Uniformity Improvement in Ultrathin Cu(In,Ga)Se Solar Cells with a WO Nanointerlayer at the Absorber/Transparent Back-Contact Interface.

Thinning CIGSe absorber layer to less than 500 nm is desirable for reducing the cost per unit watt of photovoltaic-generated electricity, and also, the semitransparent solar cell based on such a thin absorber can be used in bifacial and superstrate configurations if the back electrode is transparent. In this study, a WO layer is inserted between Cu(In,Ga)Se (CIGSe) absorber and tin-doped indium oxide back-contact to enhance the hole collection at the back electrode. A WO interlayer with a thickness of 6 nm is found to be optimum because it causes a ∼38% relative increase in the fill factor of a ∼450 nm thick CIGSe-based device compared to the reference device without a WO interlayer.

Integrated Evaluation of Urban Water Bodies for Pollution Abatement Based on Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision Approach.

Today's ecology is erected with miscellaneous framework. However, numerous sources deteriorate it, such as urban rivers that directly cause the environmental pollution. For chemical pollution abatement from urban water bodies, many techniques were introduced to rehabilitate the water quality of these water bodies.

Vulnerability assessment and application of bacterial technology on urban rivers for pollution eradication.

To protect against the environmental pollution, the present research was undertaken to enumerate the Bacterial Technologies (BTs) on the restoration of polluted urban rivers, that is, Fenghu-Song Yang River (FSR) and Xuxi River (XXR). Experimental research accounted for the physiochemical parameters (pH; temperature; dissolved oxygen (DO); chemical oxygen demand (COD); total phosphorus (TP); total nitrogen (TN); and ammonia nitrogen (NH3N)) before and after the BT operation. The results declared that the BT is efficient to restore the polluted rivers up to reliable condition.