Genetic diversity analysis of benzimidazole resistance-associated genes in Haemonchus contortus from four regions in southern Xinjiang.

To assess the genetic diversity of the I β-tubulin haplotype gene associated with benzimidazoles (BZs) resistance in Haemonchus contortus populations across southern Xinjiang, the sampled populations from four distinct areas to detect the BZs resistance-related I-β tubulin gene and analyse its genetic sequences and structure. The results revealed substantial haplotype diversity and nucleotide polymorphisms across the four populations, with nucleotide diversity (Pi) ranging from 0.03471 to 0.

Pomegranate flower polysaccharide improves mastitis in mice by regulating intestinal flora and restoring the blood-milk barrier.

This study explored the inhibitory effect of pomegranate flower polysaccharide (PFPS) on mastitis through and models. PFPS is a new type of polysaccharide isolated and extracted from pomegranate flowers. The result revealed that PFPS consists of GalA, Ara, and Gal, and the residues consist of 1,4-GalpA, 1,4-Galp, and 1,3,6-Galp, which contain HG-type and RG-I-type pectin structural domains.

Regulatory Effects of Alhagi Honey Small-Molecule Sugars on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Lambs.

The present study was designed to assess the impact of Alhagi honey small-molecule sugars (AHAS) on Hu lambs. Therefore, in this study, AHAS low-dose (AHAS-L, 200 mg/ kg per day), AHAS medium-dose (AHAS-M, 400 mg/kg per day), and AHAS high-dose (AHAS-H, 800 mg/kg per day) were administered to Hu lambs to investigate the regulatory effects of AHAS on growth performance, oxidation index, immune system enhancement, and intestinal microbiota. The results showed that lambs in the AHAS-H group exhibited significantly increased in average daily weight gain, and growth performance compared to those in the control group ( < 0.

The first molecular detection of benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus from sheep in Hejing and Minfeng counties of Southern Xinjiang.

To understand the benzimidazole (BZ) resistance of Haemonchus contortus in Southern Xinjiang, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) designated as F167Y, E198A, and F200Y, in the isotype-1 β-tubulin gene which are associated with BZ resistance, were investigated for H. contortus populations from sheep in Hejing and Minfeng counties of Southern Xinjiang. In brief, a total of 190 H.

Effects of Medik polysaccharide derived from different regions on the intestinal immune functions of lambs.

Plant polysaccharide are widely studied as potential prebiotics because of their potential to protect and enhance the immunity of lambs. In this study, the polysaccharide content of Medik from Aksu (AK) and Shanshan (SS) at different cutting periods was determined, and the functions of Medik polysaccharide were investigated to useas an immunomodulator. Our results indicated that the content of Medik polysaccharide is the highest at the maturity stage, and the polysaccharide content of Medik produced in Shanshan area is higher as compared to the Aksu area.

Effects of Fisch polysaccharide from different regions on growth performance and gastrointestinal microbiota of sheep lambs.

Polysaccharides derived from Fisch possess diverse activities, making them a potential prebiotic candidates for enhancing lamb health. This study investigated the immunomodulatory effects of Fisch polysaccharides from Aksu (AK) and Shanshan (SS) regions on sheep lambs. The results showed that sheep lambs in the SS group exhibited significantly increased ( < 0.

Preparation and activity study of Ruoqiang jujube polysaccharide copper chelate.

Polysaccharide metal chelate exhibit both immunoregulatory activity and metal element supplementation effects. In this study, Ruoqiang jujube polysaccharide copper chelate (RJP-Cu) was prepared and the preparation conditions were optimized using the response surface method. Subsequently, RJP-Cu was administered to lambs to evaluate its impact on growth performance, copper ion (Cu) supplementation, immune enhancement, and intestinal flora was evaluated.

Preparation and sulfate modified of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl polysaccharide and its immune-enhancing adjuvant activity.

Herbal polysaccharides and their modifiers used as vaccine adjuvants have been widely investigated due to their safety and good immunoenhancing activity. In this study, the 50% ethanol concentration precipitated Lagenaria siceraria(Molina) standl polysaccharide (LSP50) and sulfated modified LSP50 (sLSP50) was prepared, and their characterization was investigated. LSP50 and sLSP50 were used as vaccine adjuvants to immunize chickens, and the strength and type of immune responses induced by different adjuvants were detected.

Polyethyleneimine modified Pickering emulsion as a novel adjuvant to induce strong and long-lasting immune responses.

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles are widely-investigated vaccine adjuvants owing to their safety, antigen slow-release ability, and good adjuvants activity. This study involved the preparation of the polyethyleneimine-modified immunopotentiator Alhagi honey polysaccharide encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (PEI-AHPP) and the assembly of the Pickering emulsion with PEI-AHPP as shell and squalene as core (PEI-PPAS). Furthermore, PEI-AHPP and PEI-PPAS were characterized.

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle-based vaccines delivery systems as a novel adjuvant for H9N2 antigen enhance immune responses.

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle used as vaccine adjuvants have been widely investigated due to their safety, antigen slow-release ability, and good adjuvants activity. In this study, immunopotentiator Alhagi honey polysaccharide encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles (AHPP) and assembled pickering emulsion with AHPP as shell and squalene as core (PPAS) were prepared. Characterization of AHPP and PPAS were investigated.

Optimization on preparation condition of propolis flavonoids liposome by response surface methodology and research of its immunoenhancement activity.

The aim of this study is to prepare propolis flavonoids liposome (PFL) and optimize the preparation condition and to investigate further whether liposome could promote the immunoenhancement activity of propolis flavonoids (PF). PFL was prepared with ethanol injection method, and the preparation conditions of PFL were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). Moreover, the immunoenhancement activity of PFL and PF in vitro was determined.

In vitro antiviral activity of sulfated Auricularia auricula polysaccharides.

Total Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAP(t)) was prepared by extracting and removing the proteins. Column chromatography was used to further graded it into AAP(1) and AAP(2). Three AAPs were modified by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method to obtain three sulfated AAPs (sAAPs), sAAP(t), sAAP(1) and sAAP(2), respectively.

Immuno-enhancing activity of sulfated Auricularia auricula polysaccharides.

The crude total Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAPct) was extracted by water decoction and ethanol precipitation, protein was removed to obtain total A. auricula polysaccharide (AAPt), then was graded into AAP1 and AAP2 through column chromatography. sAAPt, sAAP1 and sAAP2 were prepared by chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method.

Optimization of sulfated modification conditions of tremella polysaccharide and effects of modifiers on cellular infectivity of NDV.

Based on our previous research, sulfated modification conditions of Tremella polysaccharide (TPS), the chlorosulfonic acid to pyridine (CSA-Pry) ratio, reaction temperature and time, were optimized by L(9) (3(4)) orthogonal design taking the yield and degree of sulfation (DS) of modifiers as indexes. Two TPSs, TPS(tp) and TPS(70c), were modified under optimized conditions. The effects of two modifiers, sTPS(tp) and sTPS(70c), on cellular infectivity of NDV were determined by MTT method taking the non-modified TPS(tp), TPS(tc) and TPS(70c) as controls.

Sulfated modification can enhance the immune-enhancing activity of lycium barbarum polysaccharides.

In test in vitro, four sulfated lycium barbarum polysaccharides (sLBPSs) with different degrees of sulfation (DS), sLBPS0.7, sLBPS1.1, sLBPS1.

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide inhibits the infectivity of Newcastle disease virus to chicken embryo fibroblast.

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBPS) was extracted by water decoction and ethanol precipitation. After purification, four sulfated lycium barbarum polysaccharides (sLBPSs), sLBPS(0.7), sLBPS(1.