IGF-1 LR3 Does Not Promote Growth in Late Gestation Growth Restricted Fetal Sheep.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin are important fetal anabolic hormones. Complications of pregnancy, such as placental insufficiency, can lead to fetal growth restriction FGR) with low circulating IGF-1 and insulin concentrations and attenuated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which likely contribute to neonatal glucose dysregulation. We previously demonstrated that a one-week infusion of IGF-1 LR3, an IGF-1 analog with low affinity for IGF binding proteins and high affinity for the IGF-1 receptor, at 6.

Placental differences between severe fetal growth restriction and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy requiring early preterm delivery: morphometric analysis of the villous tree supported by artificial intelligence.

Background: The great obstetrical syndromes of fetal growth restriction and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy can occur individually or be interrelated. Placental pathologic findings often overlap between these conditions, regardless of whether 1 or both diagnoses are present. Quantification of placental villous structures in each of these settings may identify distinct differences in developmental pathways.

Altered substrate metabolism in neurodegenerative disease: new insights from metabolic imaging.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), are relatively common and devastating neurological disorders. For example, there are 6 million individuals living with AD in the United States, a number that is projected to grow to 14 million by the year 2030. Importantly, AD, PD and MS are all characterized by the lack of a true disease-modifying therapy that is able to reverse or halt disease progression.

Pulmonary implications of acetaminophen exposures independent of hepatic toxicity.

Both preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that exposures to acetaminophen (APAP) at levels that cause hepatic injury cause pulmonary injury as well. However, whether exposures that do not result in hepatic injury have acute pulmonary implications is unknown. Thus, we sought to determine how APAP exposures at levels that do not result in significant hepatic injury impact the mature lung.

Heterogeneous Response in Rabbit Fetal Diaphragmatic Hernia Lungs After Tracheal Occlusion.

Background: Fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) is an experimental therapeutic approach to stimulate lung growth in the most severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) cases. We have previously demonstrated a heterogeneous response of normal fetal rabbit lungs after TO with the appearance of at least two distinct zones. The aim of this study was to examine the fetal lung response after TO in a left CDH fetal rabbit model.

Heterogeneous Pulmonary Response After Tracheal Occlusion: Clues to Fetal Lung Growth.

Background: Understanding inconsistent clinical outcomes in infants with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) after tracheal occlusion (TO) is a crucial step for advancing neonatal care. The objective of this study is to explore the heterogeneous airspace morphometry and the metabolic landscape changes in fetal lungs after TO.

Methods: Fetal lungs on days 1 and 4 after TO were examined using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), the number of airspaces, and tissue-to-airspace ratio (TAR).

Soluble klotho binds monosialoganglioside to regulate membrane microdomains and growth factor signaling.

Soluble klotho, the shed ectodomain of the antiaging membrane protein α-klotho, is a pleiotropic endocrine/paracrine factor with no known receptors and poorly understood mechanism of action. Soluble klotho down-regulates growth factor-driven PI3K signaling, contributing to extension of lifespan, cardioprotection, and tumor inhibition. Here we show that soluble klotho binds membrane lipid rafts.

Light scattering properties vary across different regions of the adult mouse brain.

Recently developed optogenetic tools provide powerful approaches to optically excite or inhibit neural activity. In a typical in-vivo experiment, light is delivered to deep nuclei via an implanted optical fiber. Light intensity attenuates with increasing distance from the fiber tip, determining the volume of tissue in which optogenetic proteins can successfully be activated.