Realization of an optical nanostructure 4×1 multiplexer based on metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguides.

The optical multiplexer was created at a nanoscale plasmonic structure utilizing the finite element method (FEM) with COMSOL version 5.5 software to enable maximum light confinement, high-speed optical systems, and a tiny structure. The metal-insulator-metal technology at a nanoscale dimension is used for creating the 4×1 multiplexer.

Design of three-bit binary to gray converter based on metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguides.

Using the finite element method and COMSOL version 5.5, a three-bit binary to gray converter with three plasmonic substructures and five input and three output ports was designed. Using a 520 ×200 metal-insulator-metal plasmonic structure, the plasmonic converter was developed.

5 × 5 Gbps DWDM optical system with DCF and cascaded repeaters techniques.

Dispersion and attenuation problems are the most important factors that limit dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system performance. Dispersion causes pulse broadening of the optical spectrum, and the attenuation degrades the optical signal. In this paper, dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) and cascaded repeaters techniques have been proposed to reduce linear and nonlinear problems by using two different modulation formats (carrier-suppressed return zero [CSRZ] and optical modulator) and two various channel spacings (100 and 50 GHz).

Unequal channel spacing 8×5 Gbps optical system utilizing different signal representations.

Data representations are important to communication networks; they convert the data bits into a signal form, which affects the system capacity, maximum bit rate, transmission distance, and different linear and nonlinear impairments. In this paper, we propose non-return-to-zero (NRZ), chirped NRZ, duobinary, and duobinary return-to-zero (DRZ) data representations with eight dense wavelength division multiplexing channels for transmitting a 5 Gbps data rate through a 250 km fiber length. The results of the simulation design are calculated at different equal and unequal channel spacings, and the quality factor is measured over a wide range of optical power.

Multiple-input hybrid plasmonic OR logic gate with a nanostructure.

A multiple-input hybrid plasmonic OR logic gate has been constructed, analyzed, and simulated utilizing the finite element method by using the COMSOL software package version 5.5. To realize the suggested three- and four-input hybrid plasmonic OR gate, constructive and destructive interference has been standard among the input ports and control port.

Structure of 4 × 2 optical encoder based on hybrid plasmonic waveguides.

The optical 4×2 encoder is organized with a structure of dimensions 920 ×400 , a resonance wavelength of 1310 nm, and a transmission threshold value of 30%. Based on the finite element method with the COMSOL software package, the proposed hybrid plasmonic encoder has been suggested, analyzed, and simulated, standing on the fundamentals of the constructive and destructive interferences between the light waves. The results were delivered in graphs containing the transmission values versus a wavelength range from 800 to 2000 nm, magnetic field distribution, contrast ratio, modulation depth, and insertion losses.

All-optical design for multiplexer and comparator utilizing hybrid plasmonic waveguides.

Two optical combinational logic circuits, namely a 2×1 multiplexer and a comparator utilized by hybrid plasmonic waveguides, have been designed, analyzed, and simulated standing on the finite element method (FEM) with a COMSOL software package version 5.5. Transmission at the output port versus a wavelength range from 800 to 2000 nm, the contrast ratio, the modulation depth, and the insertion loss are the aspects used to estimate the circuits' functionality.