Postoperative Implementation of Virtual Reality and Wearable Devices: Opportunities and Challenges.

Objective: To examine implementation of virtual reality (VR) and Fitbit wearable activity devices in postoperative recovery.

Methods: This was a prospective, 4-arm, randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing inpatient head and neck surgery at a tertiary academic center from November 2021 to July 2022. Patients were randomized to Control, VR, Fitbit, or combined VR + Fitbit groups.

Patterns of virtual reality and Fitbit wearable activity device use after skull base surgery.

Virtual reality (VR) and Fitbit devices are well tolerated by patients after skull base surgery. Postoperative recovery protocols may benefit from incorporation of these devices. However, challenges including patient compliance may impact optimal device utilization.

Molecular profile of head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify the molecular alterations of head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas (HNRMS) and their prognostic values.

Study Design: An electronic search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science with a designed search strategy. Inclusion criteria comprised cases of primary HNRMS with an established histopathological diagnosis and molecular analysis.

Interconnections Between the Oral and Gut Microbiomes: Reversal of Microbial Dysbiosis and the Balance Between Systemic Health and Disease.

The human microbiota represents a complex array of microbial species that influence the balance between the health and pathology of their surrounding environment. These microorganisms impart important biological benefits to their host, such as immune regulation and resistance to pathogen colonization. Dysbiosis of microbial communities in the gut and mouth precede many oral and systemic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune-related conditions, and inflammatory states, and can involve the breakdown of innate barriers, immune dysregulation, pro-inflammatory signaling, and molecular mimicry.

Combined DOG1 and Mammaglobin Immunohistochemistry Is Comparable to ETV6-breakapart Analysis for Differentiating Between Papillary Cystic Variants of Acinic Cell Carcinoma and Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma.

Background: We investigated the reliability of combined DOG1 and mammaglobin immunohistochemistry compared with ETV6 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the assessment of salivary tumors previously diagnosed as acinic cell carcinoma (ACC). Ultrastructural features of cases reclassified as mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) were assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) reactivity to DOG1 and mammaglobin was validated against FISH targeting the ETV6 gene in all 14 cases.

Craniofacial manifestations of β-thalassemia major.

Hemoglobinopathies are by far the most common genetic diseases, affecting millions worldwide with a prevalence for natives of Iran, Southeast Asia, and the Caspian Sea, as part of the so-called Thalassemia Belt, and an overall incidence ranging approximately from 3 to 100 patients per 100,000 population. β-Thalassemia major is of particular significance, providing bad outcomes despite aggressive therapeutic approaches. We report a case of β-thalassemia in a 5-year-old Persian boy who presented with classical diagnostic features of the disease and who did not survive despite an aggressive management approach.

Tophaceous pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint: a series of 3 cases.

Objective: We report a series of 3 cases of tophaceous pseudogout of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Study Design: Three patients, two men and one woman, ranging in age between 60 and 75 years, presented with unilateral painful swelling of the TMJ area associated with limitation of mouth opening.

Results: Radiographic and computed tomographic images showed opaque masses in the supracondylar region of the TMJ.

Moderately differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (atypical carcinoid) of the parotid gland: report of three cases with contemporary review of salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) of the salivary glands are rare. Most reported NECs in that region are small cell carcinomas with few cases of large cell undifferentiated carcinoma and typical carcinoid tumors. Only two moderately differentiated NECs (atypical carcinoid tumors) have been previously reported.

Salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma: demonstration of transcriptionally active human papillomavirus 16/18.

Herein we test the following hypotheses: (1) High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) may be involved in the etiology of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), and (2) The detection rate of HR-HPV in MEC has been increasing over time. Ninety-eight archival MEC specimens from three institutions spanning three decades were studied for HPV16/18 E6/E7 transcripts. RNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded specimens and HPV16/18 E6/E7 expression assessed by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Ameloblastoma: a multicentric study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to supplement the current ameloblastoma database by reporting the clinicopathologic features of ameloblastoma from Asia and North America.

Materials And Methods: Biopsy records of the participating institutes were reviewed for lesions diagnosed as ameloblastoma during the years 1993 to 2009. Slides were reclassified according to the World Health Organization Classification of Odontogenic Tumors in 2005.

Head and neck mucosal malignant melanoma: clinicopathologic correlation with contemporary review of prognostic indicators.

Unlike their cutaneous counterparts, head and neck mucosal malignant melanomas (HNMM) behave much more aggressively and their prognostic markers have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the clinicopathologic features of a contemporary series of primary HNMM, retrieved from archival material of 2 large medical centers, and to explore the association, if any, between these variables, the clinical features, and outcomes. The clinicopathologic, radiographic, and follow-up information as well as the dominant histologic pattern, mitotic rate, presence/absence of pigmentation, necrosis, ulceration, vascular invasion, and host-associated lymphocytic response were retrieved and recorded.

Lack of correlation between microvascular density and pathological features and outcomes in sinonasal and oral mucosal melanomas.

Unlike its cutaneous counterpart, prognostic markers for primary mucosal malignant melanoma have not been well elucidated. It has been recently demonstrated that microvascular density (MVD) in cutaneous malignant melanoma has a significant negative correlation with survival; however, this has not been well-studied in mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck. This study explores the potential association between MVD, various histological parameters, and the outcome of a series of sinonasal and oral mucosal melanomas.

Estrogen and progesterone receptor expression is not always specific for mammary and gynecologic carcinomas: a tissue microarray and pooled literature review study.

Given their frequent expression in breast and gynecologic carcinomas, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network has recommended that the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen (ER) and/or progesterone (PR) receptors in a carcinoma of unknown primary can be used to support a breast or gynecologic origin. Several reports in the literature, however, have described such expression in a variable proportion of nonmammary and nongynecologic carcinomas. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of ER and PR on tissue microarray sections representing 348 nonbreast or gynecologic and nongynecologic tumors of lung, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colonic, renal, or bladder origin.

Molecular mechanism of the bifunctional role of lipopolysaccharide in osteoclastogenesis.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a common bacteria-derived product, has long been recognized as a key factor implicated in periodontal bone loss. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms by which LPS induces bone loss still remains controversial. Here, we show that LPS inhibited osteoclastogenesis from freshly isolated osteoclast precursors but stimulated osteoclast formation from those pretreated with RANKL in vitro in tissue culture dishes, bone slices, and a co-culture system containing osteoblasts, indicating that RANKL-mediated lineage commitment is a prerequisite for LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis.

Hereditary paraganglioma of the nasopharynx.

Head and neck paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors derived from neural crest cells of parasympathetic ganglia or the widely dispersed neuroendocrine cells of the head and neck region. Paragangliomas of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx are rare. The clinicopathologic features of this unique example of a hereditary, nasopharyngeal paraganglioma, and selective entities that are included in its differential diagnosis are presented.

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma: report of a case with review of literature and treatment outcome.

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is a highly malignant, polymorphous neoplasm that combines features of carcinosarcoma and teratoma. We describe the clinicopathologic features and management of a well-documented example of this unique entity that involved a 41-year-old Hispanic man. The patient presented with a history of multiple episodes of epistaxis, nasal obstruction and frontal headaches.

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma: expansile mixed radiolucent lesion in the posterior maxilla: a case report.

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is a benign tumor that displays properties of both ameloblastic fibroma and compound odontoma. Often, AFO presents clinically as a hamartoma or immature odontoma; however, the tumor can also present with progressive growth causing bone destruction and significant deformity, acting more like a true neoplasm. We report a case of a locally aggressive AFO in the posterior maxilla of a 7-year-old girl and discuss the clinical, radiographic, histopathologic, and conservative therapeutic approach to this locally aggressive tumor.

Clear cell entities of the head and neck: a selective review of clear cell tumors of the salivary glands.

Clear cell changes may be observed in virtually any benign or malignant tumor of epithelial, mesenchymal, melanocytic and hematopoietic derivation not be attributed to variable etiologies. In general, benign and malignant clear cell neoplasms of the head and neck are rare. They may involve various regions and may be of diverse derivations, with only 1-2% of tumors of the salivary glands, jaws and oral mucosa are primarily or almost exclusively composed of clear cells (Maiorano et al.

Cancer of the tonsil presenting as central nervous system metastasis: A case report.

Background: Metastases from tonsilar cancers are uncommon, usually found in the lung and less commonly in the bone, liver, and mediastinal sites. Only approximately 20% of patients die from distant metastasis. Central nervous system (CNS) metastases usually appear later in the course of the disease, with only 1% to 2% of patients developing metastasis involving the CNS in the course of their disease.