A Comparison of Cerebrospinal Fluid Beta-Amyloid and Tau in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Neurodegenerative Dementias.

Purpose: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is the leading reversible cause of cognitive impairment and gait disturbance that has similar clinical manifestations and accompanies to major neurodegenerative disorders in older adults. We aimed to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be useful in the differential diagnosis of iNPH.

Patients And Methods: Amyloid-beta (Aß) 42 and 40, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were measured via ELISA in 192 consecutive CSF samples of patients with iNPH (n=80), AD (n=48), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (n=34), Lewy body diseases (LBDs) (n=30) consisting of Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Selectivity limits of and opportunities for ion pair chromatographic separation of oligonucleotides.

Here it was investigated how oligonucleotide retention and selectivity factors are affected by electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions in ion pair chromatography. A framework was derived describing how selectivity depends on the electrostatic potential generated by the ion-pair reagent concentration, co-solvent volume fraction, charge difference between the analytes, and temperature. Isocratic experiments verified that, in separation problems concerning oligonucleotides of different charges, selectivity increases with increasing surface potential and analyte charge difference and with decreasing co-solvent volume fraction and temperature.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of 3D Printed Capsules with Pressure Triggered Release Mechanism for Oral Peptide Delivery.

In this study a 3D printed capsule designed to break from the physiological pressures in the antropyloric region was evaluated for its ability to deliver the synthetic octapeptide octreotide in beagle dogs when co-formulated with the permeation enhancer sodium caprate. The pressure sensitive capsules were compared to traditional enteric coated hard gelatin capsules and enteric coated tablets. Paracetamol, which is completely absorbed in dogs, was included in the formulations and used as an absorption marker to give information about the in vivo performance of the dosage forms.

Blood-based microRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers to discriminate localized prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia and allow cancer-risk stratification.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed malignancy, and the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality among males. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has long been used for the detection of PCa. However, PSA levels increase in PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and are associated with a poor disease outcome.

Time- and oxygen-dependent expression and regulation of NDRG1 in human brain cancer cells.

N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a tumor suppressor with the potential to suppress metastasis, invasion and migration of cancer cells. It is regulated under stress conditions such as starvation or hypoxia. NDRG1 regulation is both induced and controlled by HIF-1α-dependent and -independent pathways under hypoxic conditions.

Regulative Effect of Nampt on Tumor Progression and Cell Viability in Human Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer disease. Here we examined Nampt expression in patients with CRC and the effect of Nampt on cell viability in CRC cells. Nampt protein was overexpressed in colorectal adenoma as well as colorectal carcinoma.

Hypoxia induced CA9 inhibitory targeting by two different sulfonamide derivatives including acetazolamide in human glioblastoma.

HIF-1α regulated genes are mainly responsible for tumour resistance to radiation- and chemo-therapy. Among these genes, carbonic anhydrase isoform IX (CA9) is highly over expressed in many types of cancer especially in high grade brain cancer like Glioblastoma (GBM). Inhibition of the enzymatic activity by application of specific chemical CA9 inhibitor sulphonamides (CAI) like Acetazolamide (Aza.

Hypoxia and cytokines regulate carbonic anhydrase 9 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.

Aim: To study the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) 9 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

Methods: We studied CA9 protein, CA9 mRNA and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein levels in Hep3B cells exposed in different parallel approaches. In one of these approaches, HCC cells were exposed to extreme in vitro hypoxia (24 h 0.

Small interfering RNA targeting HIF-1α reduces hypoxia-dependent transcription and radiosensitizes hypoxic HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells in vitro.

Background: Hypoxia inducible factor-1 has been identified as a potential target to overcome hypoxia-induced radioresistance The aim of the present study was to investigate whether selective HIF-1 inhibition via small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) affects hypoxia-induced radioresistance in HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells.

Material And Methods: HIF-1α expression in HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells in vitro was silenced using HIF-1α siRNA sequence primers. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to quantify the mRNA expression of HIF-1α.

Modulation of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) in human brain cancer.

Hypoxia is a crucial factor in tumour aggressiveness and its treatment resistance, particularly in human brain cancer. Tumour resistance against radiation- and chemo- therapy is facilitated by oxygenation reduction at tumour areas. HIF-1α regulated genes are mostly responsible for this type of resistance.

Proteins involved in cell migration from glioblastoma neurospheres analyzed by overexpression and siRNA-mediated knock-down.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most common malignant brain tumours in adults, characterized by short survival periods of patients. Their aggressive local growth pattern and increased invasiveness, due to a high motility of the tumour cells, hamper treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating glioblastoma cell migration are still elusive.

Elevated tumor and serum levels of the hypoxia-associated protein osteopontin are associated with prognosis for soft tissue sarcoma patients.

Background: Osteopontin (OPN) overexpression is correlated with a poor prognosis for tumor patients. However, only a few studies investigated the prognostic impact of expression of OPN in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) yet.

Methods: This study is based on tumor and serum samples from 93 adult STS patients.

The adenoviral E1A oncoprotein activates the Smad7 promoter: requirement of a functional E-box.

DNA tumorviruses like adenoviruses (AdV) or human papillomaviruses (HPV) have adopted various strategies to interfere with antiproliferative transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signalling. Here we report that the AdV E1A oncoprotein is sufficient to induce Smad7 expression, an inhibitor of TGF-beta signalling. E1A but not HPV oncoproteins activated the Smad7 promoter.

Egr-1 is not upregulated in response to hypoxic and oxygenation conditions in human glioblastoma in vitro.

The early growth response factor 1 (Egr-1) gene (also known as krox24, NGFI-A, TIS8 or zif268) belongs to a family of immediate early response genes. This family of proteins contains a conserved zinc finger DNA-binding domain and can bind to a GC-rich sequence in the promoter region of target genes. Egr-1 expression is rapidly and transiently activated in many different cell types during development.

Absence of GAPDH regulation in tumor-cells of different origin under hypoxic conditions in - vitro.

Background: Gene expression studies related to cancer diagnosis and treatment are important. In order to conduct such experiment accurately, absolutely reliable housekeeping genes are essential to normalize cancer related gene expression. The most important characteristics of such genes are their presence in all cells and their expression levels remain relatively constant under different experimental conditions.

RAF expression in human astrocytic tumors.

RAF proteins are well known oncoproteins. The B-RAF has been shown to be activated by mutations in a multitude of human cancers. Alterations of C-RAF expression are discussed to play a role in lung cancer.

Oxygen-dependent regulation of NDRG1 in human glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo.

NDRG1 is a member of the N-myc downregulated gene (NDRG) family. Its induction occurs via diverse physiological and pathological conditions (hypoxia, cellular differentiation, heavy metal, N-myc, neoplasia) which modulate NDRG1 transcription, mRNA stability and translation. Hypoxia, among other factors, induces NDRG1 expression and plays an important role in its regulation of expression.

Rapid detection of the hypoxia-regulated CA-IX and NDRG1 gene expression in different glioblastoma cells in vitro.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key regulator of tumor cell hypoxia. It regulates the expression of several genes related to oxygen homeostasis in response to hypoxic stress. Carbonic anhydrase IX (Ca-IX) has been found to be a stable marker of acute or chronic hypoxia.

Expression analysis of the autosomal recessive primary microcephaly genes MCPH1 (microcephalin) and MCPH5 (ASPM, abnormal spindle-like, microcephaly associated) in human malignant gliomas.

Patients with autosomal recessive primary microcephaly have a small but architecturally normal brain containing a reduced number of neurons. Microcephalin and ASPM are two of the genes causing this disease. Both are centrosomal proteins involved in cell cycle regulation.

Effects of HIF-1 inhibition by chetomin on hypoxia-related transcription and radiosensitivity in HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells.

Background: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) overexpression has been linked to tumor progression and poor prognosis. We investigated whether targeting of HIF-1 using chetomin, a disrupter of the interaction of HIF-1 with the transcriptional coactivator p300, influences the radiosensitivity of hypoxic HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells.

Methods: Optimal dose of chetomin was determined by EGFP-HRE gene reporter assay in stably transfected HT 1080 cells.

Modulation of glucose metabolism inhibits hypoxic accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha).

Background And Purpose: The hypoxic accumulation of the transcription factor subunit hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), a potential endogenous hypoxia marker and therapeutic target, has recently been shown to strongly depend on glucose availability. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism of this effect.

Material And Methods: HIF-1alpha protein levels were studied by Western blotting in HT 1080 human fibrosarcoma cells and in a hypoxia-responsive element green fluorescent protein (HRE-GFP) reporter assay in stably transfected HT 1080 cells treated with hypoxia (0.

GAPDH is not regulated in human glioblastoma under hypoxic conditions.

Background: Gene expression studies related to cancer diagnosis and treatment are becoming more important. Housekeeping genes that are absolutely reliable are essential for these studies to normalize gene expression. An incorrect choice of housekeeping genes leads to interpretation errors of experimental results including evaluation and quantification of pathological gene expression.

Pegylated interferon-alpha plus taurine in treatment of rat liver fibrosis.

Aim: To investigate the antifibrotic effects of peginterferon-alpha 2b and taurine on oxidative stress markers and hepatocellular apoptosis.

Methods: Sixty rats with CCl4-induced liver fibrosis were divided into 4 groups (n=15). Group 1 was left for spontaneous recovery (SR).